Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventually lead to sudden death. In this study, we report a case of NCC in a fifteen-year-old girl. Case illustration: a fifteen-year-old girl suddenly experienced a focal seizure of the right hand, along with a decreased of consciousness. The duration of the seizure was less than five minutes. It recurred for three times since ten hours before admission to hospital. She admitted that it was the first unprovoked seizure in her life. There was no record of fever and cough. She had a history of eating pork in the rural region of Sumba Island. Physical examination demonstrated GCS E3V4M5, normal findings of general and neurological status. Computed Tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a hypodense calcified lesion appended by a cyst with a dot sign, located at the grey-white matter junction at left parietal region. These findings supported colloidal vesicular stage of NCC. The diagnosis of this patient was neurocysticercosis. Therefore, she was given albendazole 400mg bid and valproic acid (15mg/kg/day) for a month, and intravenous dexamethasone (1mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 12 mg qid. After a month of treatment, she did not either have any seizure or other complaints. CT scan evaluation demonstrated a radiological improvement. Summary: NCC is identified as one of the commonest causes of epilepsy and seizure. The combination between antiparasitic with another supportive therapy gives comprehensive treatment of NCC.
| Published in | American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 7, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19 |
| Page(s) | 39-43 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Neurocysticercosis, Epilepsy, Computed Tomography
| [1] | Fogang YF, Camara M, Diop AG, Ndiaye MM. Cerebral neurocysticercosis mimicking or comorbid with episodic migraine?. BMC Neurology. 2014; 14: 138. |
| [2] | Martins-Melo FR, Ramos Jr. AN, Cavalcanti MG, Alencar CH, Heukelbach J. Neurocysticercosis-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2011: Epidemiology of a neglected neurologic cause of death. Acta Tropica. 2016: 128-136. |
| [3] | Raffaldi I, Scolfaro C, Mignore F, Aguzzi S, Denegri F, Tovo PA. An uncommon cause of seizures in children living in developed countries: neurocysticercosis –a case report. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2011; 37: 9. |
| [4] | Sotelo J. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2011; 11: 529-535. |
| [5] | Takayanagui O. Neurocysticercosis. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria. 2013; 71 (9B): 710-713 |
| [6] | Kim S, Wang HS, Ju CI, Kim D. Acute hydrocephalus caused by intraspinal neurocysticercosis: case report. BMC Research Notes. 2014; 7: 2. |
| [7] | Fugate JE, Lyons JL, Thakur KT, Smith BR, Hedley-Whyte ET, Mateen FJ. Infectious causes of stroke. Lancet Infectious Disease. 2014; 14: 869-880. |
| [8] | Musara A, Soko N, Shamu S. Suprasellar cysticercosis cyst with optic nerve compression masquerading as an arachnoid cyst. Middle East African Journal of Ophtalmology. 2019; 114-116. |
| [9] | Jain RS, Nagpal K, Handa R. Reversible dementia as presenting manifestation of racemose neurocysticercosis. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2013; 16 (3): 452-453. |
| [10] | Moyano LM, Saito M, Montano SM, Gonzalvez G, Olaya S, Ayvar V, et al. Neurocysticercosis as a cause of epilepsy and seizures in two community-based studies in a cysticercosis-endemic region in Peru. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2014; 8 (2): e2692. |
| [11] | White, AC. Neurocysticercosis: updates on epidemiology pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Annual Review of Medicine. 2000: 187-206. |
| [12] | Sinha S, Sharma BS. Neurocysticercosis: a review of current status and management. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2009: 16 (7); 867-876. |
| [13] | Moskowitz J, Mendelsohn G. Neurocysticercosis. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. 2010; 134 (10); 1560-3. |
| [14] | Coyle CM, Tanowitz HB. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases. 2009: 180742. |
| [15] | Carpio A, Romo ML, Parkhouse RME, Short B, Dua T. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutic. 2016; 16 (4): 401-414. |
| [16] | Carpio A. Neurocysticercosis: an update. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2002; 2 (12): 751-762. |
| [17] | Herrick JA, Maharathi B, Kim JS, Abundis GG, Garg A, Gonzales I, et al. Inflammation is a key risk factor for persistent seizures in neurocysticercosis. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2018; 5 (5): 630-639. |
| [18] | Wagner RG, Newton CR. Do helminthes cause epilepsy? Parasite Immunol. 2009; 31: 697-705. |
| [19] | Quet F, Guerchet M, Pion SD, Ngoungou EB, Nicoletti A, Preux PM. Meta-analysis of the association between cysticercosis and epilepsy in Africa. Epilepsia. 2009; 51: 830-837. |
| [20] | Malla BA, Maqbool I, Lone SA, et al. An overview on neurocysticercosis. Journal of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7 (6): 303-312. |
| [21] | Singhi P, Saini AG. Pediatric neurocysticercosis: current challenges and future prospects. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics; Macclesfield. 2016; 7: 5-16. |
| [22] | Carpio A, Fleury A, Hauser WA. Neurocysticercosis: Five new things. Neurology Clinical Practice. 2013; 3 (2): 118-125 |
| [23] | Abdel Razek AA, Watcharakorn A, Castillo M. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 2011 Nov; 21 (4): 815-41, viii. |
| [24] | Alexander AM, Prabhakaran V, Rajshekhar V, et al. Long-term clinical evaluation of asymptomatic subjects positive for circulating Taenia solium antigens. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2010; 104: 809–10. |
| [25] | Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. The Lancet Neurology. 2014 Dec; 13 (12): 1202–15. |
| [26] | Singh G, White Jr AC. Determining better treatments for neurocysticercosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2014 July; 14 (3): 658-9. |
| [27] | White Jr AC, Coyle CM, Rajshekar V, Singh G, Hauser AW, Mohanty A, Garcia HH, Nash TE. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018; 66 (8): e49-e75. |
| [28] | Nash TE, Garcia HH. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2011; 7: 584–594. |
| [29] | Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system: how should it be managed? Current Opinion of Infectious Diseases. 2011; 24: 423–427. |
APA Style
Albert William Hotomo, Defranky Theodorus, Ivan Veriswan. (2021). Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. American Journal of Pediatrics, 7(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19
ACS Style
Albert William Hotomo; Defranky Theodorus; Ivan Veriswan. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. Am. J. Pediatr. 2021, 7(1), 39-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19
AMA Style
Albert William Hotomo, Defranky Theodorus, Ivan Veriswan. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. Am J Pediatr. 2021;7(1):39-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19,
author = {Albert William Hotomo and Defranky Theodorus and Ivan Veriswan},
title = {Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report},
journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {39-43},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20210701.19},
abstract = {Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventually lead to sudden death. In this study, we report a case of NCC in a fifteen-year-old girl. Case illustration: a fifteen-year-old girl suddenly experienced a focal seizure of the right hand, along with a decreased of consciousness. The duration of the seizure was less than five minutes. It recurred for three times since ten hours before admission to hospital. She admitted that it was the first unprovoked seizure in her life. There was no record of fever and cough. She had a history of eating pork in the rural region of Sumba Island. Physical examination demonstrated GCS E3V4M5, normal findings of general and neurological status. Computed Tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a hypodense calcified lesion appended by a cyst with a dot sign, located at the grey-white matter junction at left parietal region. These findings supported colloidal vesicular stage of NCC. The diagnosis of this patient was neurocysticercosis. Therefore, she was given albendazole 400mg bid and valproic acid (15mg/kg/day) for a month, and intravenous dexamethasone (1mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 12 mg qid. After a month of treatment, she did not either have any seizure or other complaints. CT scan evaluation demonstrated a radiological improvement. Summary: NCC is identified as one of the commonest causes of epilepsy and seizure. The combination between antiparasitic with another supportive therapy gives comprehensive treatment of NCC.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report AU - Albert William Hotomo AU - Defranky Theodorus AU - Ivan Veriswan Y1 - 2021/03/30 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19 DO - 10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19 T2 - American Journal of Pediatrics JF - American Journal of Pediatrics JO - American Journal of Pediatrics SP - 39 EP - 43 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2472-0909 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210701.19 AB - Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventually lead to sudden death. In this study, we report a case of NCC in a fifteen-year-old girl. Case illustration: a fifteen-year-old girl suddenly experienced a focal seizure of the right hand, along with a decreased of consciousness. The duration of the seizure was less than five minutes. It recurred for three times since ten hours before admission to hospital. She admitted that it was the first unprovoked seizure in her life. There was no record of fever and cough. She had a history of eating pork in the rural region of Sumba Island. Physical examination demonstrated GCS E3V4M5, normal findings of general and neurological status. Computed Tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a hypodense calcified lesion appended by a cyst with a dot sign, located at the grey-white matter junction at left parietal region. These findings supported colloidal vesicular stage of NCC. The diagnosis of this patient was neurocysticercosis. Therefore, she was given albendazole 400mg bid and valproic acid (15mg/kg/day) for a month, and intravenous dexamethasone (1mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 12 mg qid. After a month of treatment, she did not either have any seizure or other complaints. CT scan evaluation demonstrated a radiological improvement. Summary: NCC is identified as one of the commonest causes of epilepsy and seizure. The combination between antiparasitic with another supportive therapy gives comprehensive treatment of NCC. VL - 7 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: