Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah; Ashik Mosaddik; Asgor Hossain; Andrew Asim Roy; Sultana Naznin; Mohammad Shukur Ali; Parvez Hassan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah, Ashik Mosaddik, Asgor Hossain, Andrew Asim Roy, Sultana Naznin, Mohammad Shukur Ali, Parvez Hassan

Published in American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 3 July 2021 Accepted: 24 July 2021 Published: 2 August 2021

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Abstract

Background: Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify the current prevalence and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - <60 months. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection. Potential study subjects were approached conveniently at selected rural health centres. The chi-squared test was the main statistical model to identify the association between explanatory variables and anaemia. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia (N=258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in the age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-<60 months categories. The following explanatory variables showed statistically significant association with high anaemia: younger-age (p=<0.001), low family income, and maternal education (p=<0.001), exclusive versus non-exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.02), and timely versus delayed or early weaning (p=<0.001). Non-consumption of animal proteins, fruits and green leafy vegetables were also significantly linked to high anaemia prevalence (p=0.001). Further, underweight, stunting, and wasting were significantly related to anaemia (p=0.02, 0.006, and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding and timely weaning may reduce the risk of anaemia.

Published in	American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
Page(s)	137-144
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaemia Prevalence, Childhood Anaemia, Determinants, Iron Deficiency, Under-five Children

References

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APA Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah, Ashik Mosaddik, Asgor Hossain, Andrew Asim Roy, Sultana Naznin, et al. (2021). Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. American Journal of Pediatrics, 7(3), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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ACS Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah; Ashik Mosaddik; Asgor Hossain; Andrew Asim Roy; Sultana Naznin, et al. Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. Am. J. Pediatr. 2021, 7(3), 137-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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AMA Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah, Ashik Mosaddik, Asgor Hossain, Andrew Asim Roy, Sultana Naznin, et al. Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. Am J Pediatr. 2021;7(3):137-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19,
  author = {Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah and Ashik Mosaddik and Asgor Hossain and Andrew Asim Roy and Sultana Naznin and Mohammad Shukur Ali and Parvez Hassan},
  title = {Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {137-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20210703.19},
  abstract = {Background: Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify the current prevalence and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia (N=258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in the age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding and timely weaning may reduce the risk of anaemia.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study
AU  - Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah
AU  - Ashik Mosaddik
AU  - Asgor Hossain
AU  - Andrew Asim Roy
AU  - Sultana Naznin
AU  - Mohammad Shukur Ali
AU  - Parvez Hassan
Y1  - 2021/08/02
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
SP  - 137
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0909
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
AB  - Background: Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify the current prevalence and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia (N=258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in the age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding and timely weaning may reduce the risk of anaemia.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah

Department of Paediatrics, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh
Ashik Mosaddik

Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Asgor Hossain

Department of Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Andrew Asim Roy

Faculty, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Sultana Naznin

Department of Gynae and Obs, IBMCH, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Mohammad Shukur Ali

Department of English, University of Development Alternative (UODA), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Parvez Hassan

Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc), Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah, Ashik Mosaddik, Asgor Hossain, Andrew Asim Roy, Sultana Naznin, et al. (2021). Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. American Journal of Pediatrics, 7(3), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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ACS Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah; Ashik Mosaddik; Asgor Hossain; Andrew Asim Roy; Sultana Naznin, et al. Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. Am. J. Pediatr. 2021, 7(3), 137-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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AMA Style

Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah, Ashik Mosaddik, Asgor Hossain, Andrew Asim Roy, Sultana Naznin, et al. Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. Am J Pediatr. 2021;7(3):137-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19,
  author = {Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah and Ashik Mosaddik and Asgor Hossain and Andrew Asim Roy and Sultana Naznin and Mohammad Shukur Ali and Parvez Hassan},
  title = {Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {137-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20210703.19},
  abstract = {Background: Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify the current prevalence and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia (N=258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in the age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding and timely weaning may reduce the risk of anaemia.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study
AU  - Mohammad Moniruzzaman Mollah
AU  - Ashik Mosaddik
AU  - Asgor Hossain
AU  - Andrew Asim Roy
AU  - Sultana Naznin
AU  - Mohammad Shukur Ali
AU  - Parvez Hassan
Y1  - 2021/08/02
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
SP  - 137
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0909
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210703.19
AB  - Background: Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify the current prevalence and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia (N=258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in the age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding and timely weaning may reduce the risk of anaemia.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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