Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital

Leni Lukman; I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi; I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

| Peer-Reviewed

Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital

Leni Lukman, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha

Published in American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 6 May 2022 Accepted: 19 May 2022 Published: 31 May 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Severe acute malnutrition remains to be a burden in developing countries, including Indonesia. Recent studies and researches started to highlight the importance of recognizing severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old. This is a cross-sectional study aims to know the prevalence and biochemical risk factors of severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old in our single tertiary referral hospital, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. From January 2017 to December 2018, there were 138 children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. From 138 subjects, 19 were below 6 months old of age (13,8%) and 119 were older than 6 months old (86,2%). Majority of our study samples were males with ratio of 1,5:1, had length of stay of more than 15 days (60,9%) and were marasmic (96,4%). Death occurred in 44,9% of study samples. Bivariate analysis including gender, length of stay, death, comorbidities, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. Of all the variables analyzed, only hypocalcemia yielded significant result with prevalence ratio between below and older than 6 months old age group was 0,432 (p value 0,045). The prevalence of hypocalcemia in infants under 6 months old with acute severe malnutrition is lower than children above 6 months old of age.

Published in	American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22
Page(s)	121-125
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Severe Acute Malnutrition, Age Under 6 Months Old, Prevalence, Biochemical Risk Factors

References

[1]	[Health Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Public Health Research Report]. Jakarta: 2013. [Indonesian].
[2]	[Bali Ministry of Health. Bali Province Health Profile]. Denpasar. 2019. [Indonesian].
[3]	Kamaruzaman NA, Jamani NA and Said AH. An infant with kwashiorkor: the forgotten disease. Malays Fam Physician. 2020; 15 (2). p. 46-49. PMCID: PMC7430309.
[4]	Baskaran VM, Naaraayan SA and Priyadharishini D. Predictors of mortality in children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2020; 7 (5), p. 1088–1091. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201644.
[5]	Bhutia DT. Protein Energy Malnutrition in India: The Plight of Our Under Five Children. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2014; 3 (1). p. 63-67. DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.130279.
[6]	Ibrahim MK., Zambruni M. and Melby CL. Impact of Childhood Malnutrition on Host Defense and Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2017; 30 (4). p. 919–971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00119-16.
[7]	[Indonesian Ministry of Health. Guideline of Prevention and Management of Severe Protein Energy Malnutrition in Toddlers]. Jakarta. 2019. [Indonesian].
[8]	Chukwu EO, Fiase TM, Haruna H, Hamina D, Robert KT and Lornengen EM. Predisposing factors to protein energy malnutrition among children (0-5years) in umuogele umuariam community in obowo local government area of Imo state, Nigeria. Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Engineering. 2017; 6 (4). p. 108–115. DOI: 10.15406/jnhfe.2017.06.00206.
[9]	Emmanuel A, Juliet NO, Adetunji OE, Hosea GK and Partience KR. Malnutrition and Associated Factors among underfive in a Nigeria Local Government Area. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research. 2016; 3 (6). p. 1766–1768. ISSN: 2393-915X.
[10]	Kusnandi V, Wiramihardja S, Adithya AP and Gurnida DA. Factors Influencing Outcomes of Children Hospitalized with Acute Severe Malnutrition. Althea Medical Journal. 2018; 5 (2). p. 87–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v5n2.1246.
[11]	Lampus C, Manampiring A and Fatimawati. [Adolescence nutritional status profile in North Bolaang Mongondow]. Jurnal e-Biomedik. 2016; 4 (2), p. 2–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14602. [Indonesian].
[12]	Rode S. Prevalence of Malnutrition among Adolescent : The Socio-Economic Issues and Challenges in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Global Journal of Human-Social Science. 2015; 15 (8). p. 13–22. ISSN: 2249-460X.
[13]	Patwari AK, Kumar S and Beard J. Undernutrition among infants less than 6 months of age: an underestimated public health problem in India. Maternal and Child Nutrition. 2015; 11. p. 119-26. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12030.
[14]	Arafat Y, Islam MM, Connell N, et al. Perceptions of acute malnutrition and its management in infants under 6 months of age: a qualitative study in rural Bangladesh. Sage Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics. 2018; 12. p. 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556518771698.
[15]	Kanan SOH and Swar MO. Prevalence and outcome of severe malnutrition in children less than five-year-old in Omdurman Paediatric Hospital, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr. 2016; 16 (1). p. 23-30. PMCID: PMC5025929.
[16]	Ahmed MAA, Massaad SO, Abdalla KO, Omar SM and Adam GK. Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children at Gadarif Eastern Sudan. 2019; 9 (3). DOI: 10.24105/2155-9600.1000758.
[17]	Grijalva-Eternod CS, Kerac M, McGrath M, et al. Admission profile and discharge outcomes for infants aged less than 6 months admitted to inpatient therapeutic care in 10 countries. A secondary data analysis. Matern Child Nutr. 2017; 13 (3). DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12345.
[18]	Mishra SK, Bastola SP and Jha B. Biochemical nutritional indicators in children with protein energy malnutrition attending Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2009; 7 (2). p. 129-34. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2705.
[19]	Frenk S, Perez-Ortiz B, Murguia T, Fajardo J, Velasco R and Sanabria T. Serum-ionized calcium in Mexica

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Leni Lukman, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. (2022). Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. American Journal of Pediatrics, 8(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Leni Lukman; I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi; I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. Am. J. Pediatr. 2022, 8(2), 121-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Leni Lukman, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. Am J Pediatr. 2022;8(2):121-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22,
  author = {Leni Lukman and I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi and I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha},
  title = {Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20220802.22},
  abstract = {Severe acute malnutrition remains to be a burden in developing countries, including Indonesia. Recent studies and researches started to highlight the importance of recognizing severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old. This is a cross-sectional study aims to know the prevalence and biochemical risk factors of severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old in our single tertiary referral hospital, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. From January 2017 to December 2018, there were 138 children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. From 138 subjects, 19 were below 6 months old of age (13,8%) and 119 were older than 6 months old (86,2%). Majority of our study samples were males with ratio of 1,5:1, had length of stay of more than 15 days (60,9%) and were marasmic (96,4%). Death occurred in 44,9% of study samples. Bivariate analysis including gender, length of stay, death, comorbidities, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. Of all the variables analyzed, only hypocalcemia yielded significant result with prevalence ratio between below and older than 6 months old age group was 0,432 (p value 0,045). The prevalence of hypocalcemia in infants under 6 months old with acute severe malnutrition is lower than children above 6 months old of age.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital
AU - Leni Lukman
AU - I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi
AU - I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha
Y1 - 2022/05/31
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22
DO - 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22
T2 - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO - American Journal of Pediatrics
SP - 121
EP - 125
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-0909
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22
AB - Severe acute malnutrition remains to be a burden in developing countries, including Indonesia. Recent studies and researches started to highlight the importance of recognizing severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old. This is a cross-sectional study aims to know the prevalence and biochemical risk factors of severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old in our single tertiary referral hospital, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. From January 2017 to December 2018, there were 138 children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. From 138 subjects, 19 were below 6 months old of age (13,8%) and 119 were older than 6 months old (86,2%). Majority of our study samples were males with ratio of 1,5:1, had length of stay of more than 15 days (60,9%) and were marasmic (96,4%). Death occurred in 44,9% of study samples. Bivariate analysis including gender, length of stay, death, comorbidities, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. Of all the variables analyzed, only hypocalcemia yielded significant result with prevalence ratio between below and older than 6 months old age group was 0,432 (p value 0,045). The prevalence of hypocalcemia in infants under 6 months old with acute severe malnutrition is lower than children above 6 months old of age.
VL - 8
IS - 2
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Leni Lukman

Child Health Department, Sanglah General Hospital, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi

Child Health Department, Sanglah General Hospital, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha

Child Health Department, Sanglah General Hospital, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Leni Lukman, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. (2022). Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. American Journal of Pediatrics, 8(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Leni Lukman; I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi; I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. Am. J. Pediatr. 2022, 8(2), 121-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Leni Lukman, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha. Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital. Am J Pediatr. 2022;8(2):121-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22,
  author = {Leni Lukman and I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi and I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha},
  title = {Prevalence and Biochemical Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants Under 6 Months Old in Single Tertiary Referral Hospital},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20220802.22},
  abstract = {Severe acute malnutrition remains to be a burden in developing countries, including Indonesia. Recent studies and researches started to highlight the importance of recognizing severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old. This is a cross-sectional study aims to know the prevalence and biochemical risk factors of severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months old in our single tertiary referral hospital, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. From January 2017 to December 2018, there were 138 children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. From 138 subjects, 19 were below 6 months old of age (13,8%) and 119 were older than 6 months old (86,2%). Majority of our study samples were males with ratio of 1,5:1, had length of stay of more than 15 days (60,9%) and were marasmic (96,4%). Death occurred in 44,9% of study samples. Bivariate analysis including gender, length of stay, death, comorbidities, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. Of all the variables analyzed, only hypocalcemia yielded significant result with prevalence ratio between below and older than 6 months old age group was 0,432 (p value 0,045). The prevalence of hypocalcemia in infants under 6 months old with acute severe malnutrition is lower than children above 6 months old of age.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download