The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries

Abdullah Murrar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

| Peer-Reviewed

The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries

Abdullah Murrar

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 22 February 2017 Accepted: 1 March 2017 Published: 21 March 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

In Balkan countries, half of water quantity is being lost during the distribution process. Due to high percentage, this study empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for 180 service providers in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, and Montenegro. Cross sectional data has been collected from International Bench-marking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Database “IBNET”. This collected data covers period from year 2003 up to year 2015. Based on regression analysis, the findings indicate that, connection density network, labor cost percentage to operating cost, number of connections, production quantity per connection, consumption quantity per person per day, metering level ratio and operating unit cost, are significant with non-revenue water per connection indicator. However, to have in-depth analysis, International Water Association “IWA” recommends to depend on more than one non-revenue water indicator. Therefore, non-revenue water percentage indicator has been included here. A correlation analysis in this study shows that the more the metering level ratio and labor cost percentage relative to operating cost; the less the non-revenue water percentage. On the opposite side, the more the consumption per person, production per connection, number of population, network connection density, operating cost per cubic meter sold and number of connections, the more the non-revenue water percentage, other things being constant. It seems those countries are suffering from large physical leakages and high commercial losses. To decrease those losses, coordination, amalgamations and multiple efforts are to be exerted from different parties as donation agencies, government entities and service providers.

Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
Page(s)	18-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Balkan Countries, IBNET, Non-Revenue Water, Water Sector, Water Service Providers

References

[1]	Adams, A., LutzLey. A, (2012). An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Water Loss in Mexican Cities. Journal of Water Sustainability, Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2012, 167–178.
[2]	Alegre H., Hirner W., Baptista J. M. and Parena R. (2000) Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services. IWA Manual of Best Practice. ISBN 900222272.
[3]	Berg. Caroline van den (2014). The Drivers of Non-Revenue Water How Effective Are Non-Revenue Water Reduction Programs? Water Global Practice Group. World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper 6997.
[4]	BISWAS. A, TORTAJADA. C (2010). Water Supply of Phnom Penh: An Example of Good Governance. Water Resources Development, Vol. 26, No. 2, 157–172, June 2010.
[5]	Carla Gonçalves Pinheiro Böhl, (2007). Development of a Knowledge Based Decision Support System for Private Sector Participation in Water and Sanitation Utilities. Oldenbourg Industrieverlag. ISBN. 3835631373, 9783835631373.
[6]	Frauendorfer, R, Liemberger, R. (2010) The Issues and Challenges of Reducing Non-Revenue Water. Asian Development Bank. Publication Stock No RPT102319. ISBN 978-92-9092-193-6.
[7]	Ganorkar. R, Rode. P, Deshmukh S., & Dhoble R. (2013). Water Audit- A Tool for Assessment of Water Losses. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 3 Issue. 3.
[8]	GJINALI E., Giantris P. (2014). Non-Revenue Water and Some Simple Economics for Developing Counties. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-IV, Nov 2014 Special Issue.
[9]	González-Gómez F., García-Rubio M. & Guardiola J. (2011). Why Is Non-Revenue Water So High in So Many Cities? International Journal of Water Resources Development Volume 27, 2011 - Issue 2.
[10]	Kingdom. B, Liemberger. R, & Marin P. (2006). The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries How the Private Sector Can Help: A Look at Performance-Based Service Contracting. THE WORLD BANK GROUP Washington, DC. PPIAF. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR BOARD DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES PAPER NO.8.
[11]	Kumar. B, Jayaramu. K, (2014). A Study on Non-Revenue Water in Intermittent and Continuous Water Service in Hubli City, India. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol.6, No.10, 2014.
[12]	Makaya E., & Hensel O. (2014). Water Distribution Systems Efficiency Assessment Indicators – Concepts and Application. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064. Volume 3 Issue 7, July 2014. Paper ID: 02014259.
[13]	Mathur P., & Vijay A. (2013). Non-revenue Water Reduction- A Tool for Achiving 24x7 Water Supply. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 7, Issue 3 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 25-28 www.iosrjournals.org May 2013, Volume 17, Issue 2, pp 237–259 17: 237. doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9173-6.
[14]	McKenzie, R., Siqalaba, Z. N., & Wegelin (2012). The state of non-revenue water in South Africa, Water Research Commission Research Report. ISBN 978-1-4312-0263-8. WRC Report No. TT 522/12. Printed in the Republic of South Africa © WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION.
[15]	Mugabi, J., Kayaga, S. & Njiru, C. (2007). Strategic planning for water utilities in developing countries, Utilities Policy, 15 (1), 1-8.
[16]	Murrar. A. (2017). The water invoices and customers’ payment motivational strategies: an empirical study on Palestinian water service providers. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review-Online ISSN 2347-9671 & Print ISSN 2349-0187. Vol: 5, Issue: 1, January 2017.
[17]	O’brien, R. M. (2007). Quality & Quantity October 2007, Volume 41, Issue 5, pp 673–690 41: 673. doi:10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.
[18]	Onsomu L., Bichanga W., Munene C. & Obonyo G. (2013). Factors Influencing the Financial Viability of a Water Service Provider in Kenya: The Case of Gusii Water and Sanitation Company Limited. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. Vol. 2 No. 9. October, 2013.
[19]	Peda, P., Grossi, G. & Liik, M. J Manag Gov (2013). Do ownership and size affect the performance of water utilities? Evidence from Estonian municipalities. Journal of Management & Governance.
[20]	Ramirez, J. C. B. (2008) Non-Revenue Water Reduction Programs in Colombia: Methodology Analysis using a System Dynamics Approach, M. Phil. Thesis in System Dynamics, University of Bergen.
[21]	Tabesh, M., Yekta, A. H. A. & Burrows, R. (2009). An Integrated Model to Evaluate Losses in Water Distribution Systems. Water Resource Manage. 23: 477. doi:10.1007/s11269-008-9284-2.
[22]	Zewdu Asmelash (2014). Assessing Water Supply Coverage and Water Losses from Distribution System for Planning Water Loss Reduction Strategies (Case Study on Axum town, North Ethiopia). Civil and Environmental Research. ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online). Vol. 6, No.8, 2014.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abdullah Murrar. (2017). The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 3(2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abdullah Murrar. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2017, 3(2), 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abdullah Murrar. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2017;3(2):18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11,
  author = {Abdullah Murrar},
  title = {The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  abstract = {In Balkan countries, half of water quantity is being lost during the distribution process. Due to high percentage, this study empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for 180 service providers in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, and Montenegro. Cross sectional data has been collected from International Bench-marking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Database “IBNET”. This collected data covers period from year 2003 up to year 2015. Based on regression analysis, the findings indicate that, connection density network, labor cost percentage to operating cost, number of connections, production quantity per connection, consumption quantity per person per day, metering level ratio and operating unit cost, are significant with non-revenue water per connection indicator. However, to have in-depth analysis, International Water Association “IWA” recommends to depend on more than one non-revenue water indicator. Therefore, non-revenue water percentage indicator has been included here. A correlation analysis in this study shows that the more the metering level ratio and labor cost percentage relative to operating cost; the less the non-revenue water percentage. On the opposite side, the more the consumption per person, production per connection, number of population, network connection density, operating cost per cubic meter sold and number of connections, the more the non-revenue water percentage, other things being constant. It seems those countries are suffering from large physical leakages and high commercial losses. To decrease those losses, coordination, amalgamations and multiple efforts are to be exerted from different parties as donation agencies, government entities and service providers.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries
AU  - Abdullah Murrar
Y1  - 2017/03/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 18
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
AB  - In Balkan countries, half of water quantity is being lost during the distribution process. Due to high percentage, this study empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for 180 service providers in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, and Montenegro. Cross sectional data has been collected from International Bench-marking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Database “IBNET”. This collected data covers period from year 2003 up to year 2015. Based on regression analysis, the findings indicate that, connection density network, labor cost percentage to operating cost, number of connections, production quantity per connection, consumption quantity per person per day, metering level ratio and operating unit cost, are significant with non-revenue water per connection indicator. However, to have in-depth analysis, International Water Association “IWA” recommends to depend on more than one non-revenue water indicator. Therefore, non-revenue water percentage indicator has been included here. A correlation analysis in this study shows that the more the metering level ratio and labor cost percentage relative to operating cost; the less the non-revenue water percentage. On the opposite side, the more the consumption per person, production per connection, number of population, network connection density, operating cost per cubic meter sold and number of connections, the more the non-revenue water percentage, other things being constant. It seems those countries are suffering from large physical leakages and high commercial losses. To decrease those losses, coordination, amalgamations and multiple efforts are to be exerted from different parties as donation agencies, government entities and service providers.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Abdullah Murrar

Master in Business Administration, Al-Quds University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Palestine

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abdullah Murrar. (2017). The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 3(2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abdullah Murrar. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2017, 3(2), 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abdullah Murrar. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2017;3(2):18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11,
  author = {Abdullah Murrar},
  title = {The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20170302.11},
  abstract = {In Balkan countries, half of water quantity is being lost during the distribution process. Due to high percentage, this study empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for 180 service providers in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, and Montenegro. Cross sectional data has been collected from International Bench-marking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Database “IBNET”. This collected data covers period from year 2003 up to year 2015. Based on regression analysis, the findings indicate that, connection density network, labor cost percentage to operating cost, number of connections, production quantity per connection, consumption quantity per person per day, metering level ratio and operating unit cost, are significant with non-revenue water per connection indicator. However, to have in-depth analysis, International Water Association “IWA” recommends to depend on more than one non-revenue water indicator. Therefore, non-revenue water percentage indicator has been included here. A correlation analysis in this study shows that the more the metering level ratio and labor cost percentage relative to operating cost; the less the non-revenue water percentage. On the opposite side, the more the consumption per person, production per connection, number of population, network connection density, operating cost per cubic meter sold and number of connections, the more the non-revenue water percentage, other things being constant. It seems those countries are suffering from large physical leakages and high commercial losses. To decrease those losses, coordination, amalgamations and multiple efforts are to be exerted from different parties as donation agencies, government entities and service providers.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries
AU  - Abdullah Murrar
Y1  - 2017/03/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 18
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11
AB  - In Balkan countries, half of water quantity is being lost during the distribution process. Due to high percentage, this study empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for 180 service providers in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, and Montenegro. Cross sectional data has been collected from International Bench-marking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Database “IBNET”. This collected data covers period from year 2003 up to year 2015. Based on regression analysis, the findings indicate that, connection density network, labor cost percentage to operating cost, number of connections, production quantity per connection, consumption quantity per person per day, metering level ratio and operating unit cost, are significant with non-revenue water per connection indicator. However, to have in-depth analysis, International Water Association “IWA” recommends to depend on more than one non-revenue water indicator. Therefore, non-revenue water percentage indicator has been included here. A correlation analysis in this study shows that the more the metering level ratio and labor cost percentage relative to operating cost; the less the non-revenue water percentage. On the opposite side, the more the consumption per person, production per connection, number of population, network connection density, operating cost per cubic meter sold and number of connections, the more the non-revenue water percentage, other things being constant. It seems those countries are suffering from large physical leakages and high commercial losses. To decrease those losses, coordination, amalgamations and multiple efforts are to be exerted from different parties as donation agencies, government entities and service providers.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download