Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh

A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Al Faruk; Fouzia Akhter

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh

A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Al Faruk, Fouzia Akhter^*

Published in American Journal of Zoology (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 24 October 2023 Accepted: 8 November 2023 Published: 29 November 2023

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Abstract

This study focused on the care of spotted deer (Axis axis) at the Bangladesh National Zoo, with an emphasis on their rearing and management practices. The research spanned a year, from January 15th to December 15th, 2018, and encompassed the observation of four distinct deer groups: adult males (Stags or bucks), adult females (Does), juveniles, and infants. Special attention was dedicated to the dietary habits of the deer, which comprised a diverse range of foods, including maize fodder, Jambu grass, Gourd Spinach (Kolmi grass), cabbages, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, grains, wheat bran, and soybean meal. This diet provided them with a daily intake of 13.63% crude protein (CP) and 14.38 MJ ME. The research yielded valuable insights into the characteristics of the deer population. Male deer, on average, weighed 2.97 kg at birth, whereas females weighed 2.73 kg. Adult males exhibited an average weight of approximately 78.08 kg, while adult females weighed around 60.97 kg. Upon weaning, males weighed 19.05 kg, and females weighed 18.49 kg. The deer were typically weaned at an average age of 5.19 months, with estrous cycles lasting approximately 17.40 days. The age at first fawning was recorded at 14.48 months, and the gestation period averaged 232.69 days. To ensure the health and reproductive success of the spotted deer, adherence to recommended feeding plans and effective management practices at the Bangladesh National Zoo was deemed imperative. These measures guaranteed the provision of appropriate nutrition and care, thereby enhancing the overall well-being, productivity, and reproductive outcomes of the deer population. This research has offered significant insights into the management of captive spotted deer. The findings also hold relevance for the broader domain of wildlife conservation. Through meticulous observation and documentation of various aspects of deer management, these findings can contribute to the effective support and conservation of the deer population within the zoo.

Published in	American Journal of Zoology (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11
Page(s)	46-52
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spotted Deer, Dietary Habits, Reproductive Characteristics, Wildlife Conservation

References

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[9]	Sookhareea, R., D. Taylor, G. McL. Dryden, R. Shorthose and T. Larsen. 1995. The effect of sex type and age on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid of loin muscle of Javanrusa (Cervustimorensis) deer and its relation to palatability. Proc. 41st Ann. Internat. Congr. Meat Sci. Technol., 2: 46-47.
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[11]	Moon, S. H., B. T. Jeon, S. M. Lee, K. H. Kim and R. J. Hudson. 2000. Seasonal comparison of voluntary intake and feeding behavior in Korean spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci, 13 (10): 1394-1398.
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[16]	Mulley, R. C. and J. S. Flesch. 2001. Nutritional requirements for pregnant and lactation red and fallow deer. A Report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. R1RDC Publication No. 01/0095. Canberra, Australia.
[17]	Ullrey, D. R., W. G. Youatt, H. E. Johnson, L. D. Fay and B. L. Bradley, 1967. Protein requirements of white-tailed deer fawns. J. Wildi. Mange, 3 (1): 679-685.
[18]	Denham, L. J. 1984. The nutrition of fanned deer. In: Deer Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Proceedings No. 72. The University of Sydney, 662-691.
[19]	French, C. E., L. C. Meewan, N. D. Magruder, H. H. Ingram and R. W. Swift. 1956. Nutrient requirements for growth and antler development in the white-tailed deer. J. Wild l. Manage, 20: 221.
[20]	Mulley, R. C. 1984. Reproduction in fallow deer. In deer Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Proceedings No. 72, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 463-464.
[21]	Kay, R. N. B. and B. W. Staines. 1981. The nutrition of the red deer. In: Nutr. Abstr. Rev. (B) 51: 601-622.
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APA Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder, A., Rafiqul Islam, M., Faruk, A., Akhter, F. (2023). Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. American Journal of Zoology, 6(3), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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ACS Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder, A.; Rafiqul Islam, M.; Faruk, A.; Akhter, F. Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. Am. J. Zool. 2023, 6(3), 46-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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AMA Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder A, Rafiqul Islam M, Faruk A, Akhter F. Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. Am J Zool. 2023;6(3):46-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11,
  author = {A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder and Md. Rafiqul Islam and Al Faruk and Fouzia Akhter},
  title = {Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20230603.11},
  abstract = {This study focused on the care of spotted deer (Axis axis) at the Bangladesh National Zoo, with an emphasis on their rearing and management practices. The research spanned a year, from January 15th to December 15th, 2018, and encompassed the observation of four distinct deer groups: adult males (Stags or bucks), adult females (Does), juveniles, and infants. Special attention was dedicated to the dietary habits of the deer, which comprised a diverse range of foods, including maize fodder, Jambu grass, Gourd Spinach (Kolmi grass), cabbages, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, grains, wheat bran, and soybean meal. This diet provided them with a daily intake of 13.63% crude protein (CP) and 14.38 MJ ME. The research yielded valuable insights into the characteristics of the deer population. Male deer, on average, weighed 2.97 kg at birth, whereas females weighed 2.73 kg. Adult males exhibited an average weight of approximately 78.08 kg, while adult females weighed around 60.97 kg. Upon weaning, males weighed 19.05 kg, and females weighed 18.49 kg. The deer were typically weaned at an average age of 5.19 months, with estrous cycles lasting approximately 17.40 days. The age at first fawning was recorded at 14.48 months, and the gestation period averaged 232.69 days. To ensure the health and reproductive success of the spotted deer, adherence to recommended feeding plans and effective management practices at the Bangladesh National Zoo was deemed imperative. These measures guaranteed the provision of appropriate nutrition and care, thereby enhancing the overall well-being, productivity, and reproductive outcomes of the deer population. This research has offered significant insights into the management of captive spotted deer. The findings also hold relevance for the broader domain of wildlife conservation. Through meticulous observation and documentation of various aspects of deer management, these findings can contribute to the effective support and conservation of the deer population within the zoo.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh
AU - A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder
AU - Md. Rafiqul Islam
AU - Al Faruk
AU - Fouzia Akhter
Y1 - 2023/11/29
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11
T2 - American Journal of Zoology
JF - American Journal of Zoology
JO - American Journal of Zoology
SP - 46
EP - 52
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7413
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11
AB - This study focused on the care of spotted deer (Axis axis) at the Bangladesh National Zoo, with an emphasis on their rearing and management practices. The research spanned a year, from January 15th to December 15th, 2018, and encompassed the observation of four distinct deer groups: adult males (Stags or bucks), adult females (Does), juveniles, and infants. Special attention was dedicated to the dietary habits of the deer, which comprised a diverse range of foods, including maize fodder, Jambu grass, Gourd Spinach (Kolmi grass), cabbages, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, grains, wheat bran, and soybean meal. This diet provided them with a daily intake of 13.63% crude protein (CP) and 14.38 MJ ME. The research yielded valuable insights into the characteristics of the deer population. Male deer, on average, weighed 2.97 kg at birth, whereas females weighed 2.73 kg. Adult males exhibited an average weight of approximately 78.08 kg, while adult females weighed around 60.97 kg. Upon weaning, males weighed 19.05 kg, and females weighed 18.49 kg. The deer were typically weaned at an average age of 5.19 months, with estrous cycles lasting approximately 17.40 days. The age at first fawning was recorded at 14.48 months, and the gestation period averaged 232.69 days. To ensure the health and reproductive success of the spotted deer, adherence to recommended feeding plans and effective management practices at the Bangladesh National Zoo was deemed imperative. These measures guaranteed the provision of appropriate nutrition and care, thereby enhancing the overall well-being, productivity, and reproductive outcomes of the deer population. This research has offered significant insights into the management of captive spotted deer. The findings also hold relevance for the broader domain of wildlife conservation. Through meticulous observation and documentation of various aspects of deer management, these findings can contribute to the effective support and conservation of the deer population within the zoo.

VL - 6
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder

Department of Livestock Services, Animal Nutrition and Animal Feeds Wing, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md. Rafiqul Islam

Department of Animal Production and Management, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Al Faruk

Murjanah Fish Establishment, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Fouzia Akhter

Upazila Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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APA Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder, A., Rafiqul Islam, M., Faruk, A., Akhter, F. (2023). Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. American Journal of Zoology, 6(3), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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ACS Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder, A.; Rafiqul Islam, M.; Faruk, A.; Akhter, F. Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. Am. J. Zool. 2023, 6(3), 46-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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AMA Style

K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder A, Rafiqul Islam M, Faruk A, Akhter F. Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh. Am J Zool. 2023;6(3):46-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11,
  author = {A. K. M. Baharul Islam Talukder and Md. Rafiqul Islam and Al Faruk and Fouzia Akhter},
  title = {Effective Management Strategies for Spotted Deer at the National Zoo in Bangladesh},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20230603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20230603.11},
  abstract = {This study focused on the care of spotted deer (Axis axis) at the Bangladesh National Zoo, with an emphasis on their rearing and management practices. The research spanned a year, from January 15th to December 15th, 2018, and encompassed the observation of four distinct deer groups: adult males (Stags or bucks), adult females (Does), juveniles, and infants. Special attention was dedicated to the dietary habits of the deer, which comprised a diverse range of foods, including maize fodder, Jambu grass, Gourd Spinach (Kolmi grass), cabbages, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, grains, wheat bran, and soybean meal. This diet provided them with a daily intake of 13.63% crude protein (CP) and 14.38 MJ ME. The research yielded valuable insights into the characteristics of the deer population. Male deer, on average, weighed 2.97 kg at birth, whereas females weighed 2.73 kg. Adult males exhibited an average weight of approximately 78.08 kg, while adult females weighed around 60.97 kg. Upon weaning, males weighed 19.05 kg, and females weighed 18.49 kg. The deer were typically weaned at an average age of 5.19 months, with estrous cycles lasting approximately 17.40 days. The age at first fawning was recorded at 14.48 months, and the gestation period averaged 232.69 days. To ensure the health and reproductive success of the spotted deer, adherence to recommended feeding plans and effective management practices at the Bangladesh National Zoo was deemed imperative. These measures guaranteed the provision of appropriate nutrition and care, thereby enhancing the overall well-being, productivity, and reproductive outcomes of the deer population. This research has offered significant insights into the management of captive spotted deer. The findings also hold relevance for the broader domain of wildlife conservation. Through meticulous observation and documentation of various aspects of deer management, these findings can contribute to the effective support and conservation of the deer population within the zoo.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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VL - 6
IS - 3
ER -

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