Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language

Sayed Aref Arefi; Abdul Majid Pardes

doi:doi:10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language

Sayed Aref Arefi, Abdul Majid Pardes

Published in Arabic Language, Literature & Culture (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 15 June 2021 Accepted: 2 July 2021 Published: 27 July 2021

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Abstract

By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.

Published in	Arabic Language, Literature & Culture (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
Page(s)	53-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Couplet, Foot, Hemistich, Measure, Poem, Prosody, Syllable

References

[1]	Atteq Abdulaziz, (1307h), elm al aruz wa al qafeе, dar al nohzat al arabeе press. p 7.
[2]	Šеmisa Serus, (1381h), ašnaey ba aruz wa qafeе, Ferdows Press. p 23.
[3]	Khattak Khošal Khan, (2001), armağan khošal, university book agency. p 46.
[4]	Šeda Kazem Khan, (1384h), da kazemkhan šeda dewan, Danish press. p 80.
[5]	Deferent authors, (1361h) pakhto pakhto tašrehi qamus, academy of sciences of Afghanistan. p 2814.
[6]	Hamkar Muhammad Ebrahim, (1392h), wazanpuhanе (aruz), khatiz press. p 30.
[7]	Duranay Darweš-, (2007), pakhto aruz, zam zam press. pp 36-43.
[8]	Hamkar Muhammad Ebrahim, (1392h), wazanpuhanе (aruz), khatiz press. p 138.
[9]	Haqpaal, Aryana, (1394h), division of Pashto verbs, Afghanistan national movement. P 10.
[10]	Zyar, Mojawer Ahmad, (2010), pakho badalmeč, Danish press. p 38.
[11]	Taniwal, Mula Jan, (1361h), pashtu language and linguistics, shamshad hasmi press. p 233.
[12]	Chamto, Mohammad qasim, (1397h), descriptive linguistics, jahan-e-danish press. p 64.
[13]	Atteq Abdulaziz, (1307h), elm al aruz wa al qafeе, dar al nohzat al arabeе press. p 1745.
[14]	Rašad Abdulšakur-, (1395h), da pakhto nazеm aruzi sistem, alamе rašad academy. pp 155-175.
[15]	Sahib Arghand, Zabihullah, (1396h), Semantic, Paktoos press. p 143.
[16]	Zyar, Mojawer Ahmad, (2010), pakho badalmeč, Danish press. pp 285-288.
[17]	Salek Naqebullah, (2014), the pakhto shear aruzi nezam, Danish press. pp 57-71.
[18]	Šenwaray Dost, (1393h), the adab theory asasonе, yaar. p 293.

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APA Style

Sayed Aref Arefi, Abdul Majid Pardes. (2021). Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arabic Language, Literature & Culture, 6(3), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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Sayed Aref Arefi; Abdul Majid Pardes. Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arab. Lang. Lit. Cult. 2021, 6(3), 53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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AMA Style

Sayed Aref Arefi, Abdul Majid Pardes. Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arab Lang Lit Cult. 2021;6(3):53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11,
  author = {Sayed Aref Arefi and Abdul Majid Pardes},
  title = {Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language},
  journal = {Arabic Language, Literature & Culture},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.allc.20210603.11},
  abstract = {By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language
AU  - Sayed Aref Arefi
AU  - Abdul Majid Pardes
Y1  - 2021/07/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
T2  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JF  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JO  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9695
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
AB  - By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Sayed Aref Arefi

Faculty of Education, Kunduz University, Kunduz, Afghanistan
Abdul Majid Pardes

Faculty of Education, Kunduz University, Kunduz, Afghanistan

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APA Style

Sayed Aref Arefi, Abdul Majid Pardes. (2021). Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arabic Language, Literature & Culture, 6(3), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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ACS Style

Sayed Aref Arefi; Abdul Majid Pardes. Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arab. Lang. Lit. Cult. 2021, 6(3), 53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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AMA Style

Sayed Aref Arefi, Abdul Majid Pardes. Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language. Arab Lang Lit Cult. 2021;6(3):53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11,
  author = {Sayed Aref Arefi and Abdul Majid Pardes},
  title = {Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language},
  journal = {Arabic Language, Literature & Culture},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.allc.20210603.11},
  abstract = {By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kind of Prosody and Its Structure in Pashto Language
AU  - Sayed Aref Arefi
AU  - Abdul Majid Pardes
Y1  - 2021/07/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
T2  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JF  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JO  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9695
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20210603.11
AB  - By looking at the Pashto language structure, Pashto poem has a sylabotonic system and this prosody is also accepted for the Pashto poem. Pashto poems have its special features starting form syllables to measures, alongside the number of the Pashto syllable, the quality (syllable stress) of the syllable is also being considered in the Pashto syllable, and by looking at both the number of syllable and stress, and the Measure of the Pashto language is being determined. According to the number of syllable, Pashto words have extensive syllables compared to other languages, and most of the words have up to six syllables. The stress of the Pashto language is also spacious and could come at every part of the sentence (beginning, middle, and end) and can change its position while bringing in words. Despite the words stress, the sentence in Pashto language also have stress, by changing pressure in the sentences, it can also affect/change the meaning of the sentences. Base on the syllable numbers, two kind of foots (3 syllables and 4 syllables) can be created in Pashto language, and does not have foots that to be more than 4 syllables or less than 3 syllables. At a result of combining the 3 syllables and 4 syllables foots, and increasing and decreasing the number of syllables, Pashto poems have been made in (196) different measures so far.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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