Research Article
Analysing Kenya’s Contemporary Peace and Security Issues and Challenges
Elly Musafiri*,
Elisa Mupenzi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
32-37
Received:
21 January 2025
Accepted:
5 February 2025
Published:
15 September 2025
Abstract: The article analyses contemporary peace and security challenges from the Kenyan perspective. The study was conducted in 10 counties out of 47 counties that make-up Kenya. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources through qualitative approach. Findings indicate multifaceted and intertwined security challenges related to climate change, terrorism and cyber security – all mostly related to inefficiency of the state institutions and high political leaders, high corruption, limited security infrastructures and limited capacity of state security officers in terms of training, equipment’s and funding. While the issues of climate change and cyber security are global in nature; the issue of terrorism by Al-Shabab is particularly facing Kenya and Somalia and worsened by cooperation of Somali citizens and the Somalis of Kenyan origin as well as extremist Muslims both in Somalia and Kenya. Over the past years, Kenya has struggled with the above peace and security issues and challenges and there seems to be no robust national strategies, mechanism and policies to address this complicated peace and security environment. In particular, this violent extremism by Al- Shabab has led to attacks on civilians most in Nairobi, Northern Kenya and at the Coastal region and such terrorism and extremist ideas are increasingly flourishing in the above mentioned country regions. Hence, posing a significant challenge to Kenya’s future.
Abstract: The article analyses contemporary peace and security challenges from the Kenyan perspective. The study was conducted in 10 counties out of 47 counties that make-up Kenya. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources through qualitative approach. Findings indicate multifaceted and intertwined security challenges related to climate change, t...
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Research Article
Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh): Shaping Political and Social Change with a Lasting Legacy
Nasir Hassan Wani*,
Areesha Azhar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
38-44
Received:
26 February 2025
Accepted:
12 June 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: This paper examines Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) role as a political and social reformer in 7th-century Arabia and assesses the continued relevance of his reforms today. Prophet Muhammad’s leadership came at a time of significant tribal fragmentation and social inequity. His migration to Medina in 622 CE initiated a transformative era, marked by the implementation of the Constitution of Medina—a groundbreaking document that unified disparate tribes and established a governance system based on principles of justice, equality, and collective responsibility, transcending tribal affiliations. In parallel, Prophet Muhammad’s social reforms addressed prevalent inequalities by advocating for women’s rights, including property inheritance, education, and marital consent, and improving the status and treatment of slaves through humane practices and encouragement of manumission. The introduction of Zakat, an obligatory almsgiving, sought to alleviate economic disparities and promote social welfare. These reforms challenged existing social hierarchies and fostered a more equitable society. The paper also explores how Prophet Muhammad’s principles and teachings continue to shape modern discussions on governance, social justice, and human rights. His emphasis on justice, equality, and community remains pertinent in contemporary debates, demonstrating the enduring impact of his reforms. By linking historical context with modern implications, the study highlights the lasting influence of Prophet Muhammad’s contributions in both historical and contemporary times.
Abstract: This paper examines Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) role as a political and social reformer in 7th-century Arabia and assesses the continued relevance of his reforms today. Prophet Muhammad’s leadership came at a time of significant tribal fragmentation and social inequity. His migration to Medina in 622 CE initiated a transformative era, marked by the i...
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