Effects of Cooperative Learning on Grade 11 Students’ Writing Performance: Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
Mitiku Teshome Abeti,
Italo Beriso
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
26-36
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
16 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: This study was an attempt to investigate the effects of cooperative learning on Grade 11 students’ writing performance in Afar Regional State, Samara Secondary and Preparatory School, in focus. More specifically, the study addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of cooperative learning on students’ writing performance? (2) Which one of the components of writing most benefited from the cooperative learning approach? And the following hypotheses: (Ho) There is no significant difference in the mean gain scores of the writing performance before and after the incorporation of cooperative learning and (H1) There is a significant difference in the mean gain scores of the writing performance before and after the incorporation of cooperative learning. This research project was mainly experimental in design. Pre-test and post-test measures were analyzed using a t-test statistical procedure. The main subjects of the study were two sections of Grade 11 students. Moreover, 60 students, 30 each from two natural science classes were randomly grouped as experimental and control groups. The effects of CL on students’ writing ability was examined through the pre-test and the post-test. The results of the pre-test showed that there was no significant difference in the students’ writing between the control and experimental groups prior to the experiment. The results of the post-test showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in students’ writing abilities (P<0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was proved to bring change on students’ writing ability. Similarly, the study also identified that organization is the basic component of writing skill that benefited most from the cooperative learning approach. However the current study was showed positive effects of CL on students’ writing performance, in the future researches can be conducted on the effects of CL on other language skills.
Abstract: This study was an attempt to investigate the effects of cooperative learning on Grade 11 students’ writing performance in Afar Regional State, Samara Secondary and Preparatory School, in focus. More specifically, the study addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of cooperative learning on students’ writing performance? ...
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Conflicts of Vowel Governed Constraints in Arabic Derivation
Fareed Hameed Al-Hindawi,
Dhaifullah Zamil Al-Jashamy
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
37-42
Received:
20 February 2020
Accepted:
16 March 2020
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: The paradigm of constraints that is proposed by optimality theory as a substitute to the rules paradigm has influenced all the fields of linguistics. Different phonological phenomena in different many languages have been investigated in terms of optimality theory. The phonological structures of Arabic suffer from some changes like deletion, substitution and other processes that underlie the systematic derivation (Al-ishtiqaaq) of vowels. In terms of Optimality Theory, this paper investigates two issues: First, the conflicted faithfulness and markedness constraints that govern vowels through derivation, and second, how these constraints are ranked. Finding out such constraints can provide the storage of the universal constraints by new ones and discovering how Arabic ranks these universal constraints. The current study adopted the mechanism that is proposed by the optimality theory. At the same time, the paper suggested some constraints that has been tested and formulated according to the theory in question. The ranking of these constraints also have been investigated. The study led to demonstrating the existence of the suggested constraints that work during derivation. It also represented how these constraints are ranked. Some of the discovered constraints are already found in the universal storage of constraints and others are peculiar to Arabic. It is found that the SAK constraint (the absence of the Arabic short vowels) plays a fundamental role in vowels derivation.
Abstract: The paradigm of constraints that is proposed by optimality theory as a substitute to the rules paradigm has influenced all the fields of linguistics. Different phonological phenomena in different many languages have been investigated in terms of optimality theory. The phonological structures of Arabic suffer from some changes like deletion, substit...
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Taoism and Confucianism as a Reflection of African Artistic Creation: The Case of Bamileke Art in West Cameroon
Djoukwo Tsanetse Majolie Carine,
Aihong Wang
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
43-52
Received:
1 June 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
25 June 2021
Abstract: Rendered in Africa by curiosity, researchers have issued divergent opinions about the cultivation of different peoples. Some have been taken aback by the wealth of artistic production, while others believed that Africa did lack history. Father Engelbert Mveng reacted to these aberrations by arguing that the history of Africa is written in art and that we are so often uneducated before this writing. The Reverend Father wanted to represent the fundamental structure of works of art in Sub-Saharan Africa. The work of art in African artistic design does not simply reproduce nature as it is done in Western realism. It is more of a form of expression, a language, or a narrative being told. The two aspects gathered, namely the signifier and the signified, real and unreal, soul and body, are, in a sense, the different binomials that characterize traditional African art and give it existence. In other words, the existence of an artwork in Africa improves the moment these two elements are present. In Asia, there are two philosophical thoughts that, far from being completely contradictory, share a common foundation. It is in Taoism and Confucianism, that the concept of Yin and Yang is associated. These doctrines allow us to translate more concretely the concept of duality in African arts, which will be illustrated in this study by the art of the Bamileke people. Taoism is oriented towards eternal and supernatural values while Confucianism is cored and geared to human morals and ethics. Taoism here refers to the spirit of the work, on its unreal side while Confucianism referred to the body of the work, on its real side. The argument consists of two parts: first a comparative study between Chinese aesthetics and the aesthetics of the Bamileke people, then the convergence of thought that exists between the two cultures. Thus, Taoism and Confucianism are with Buddhism the foundation of the Chinese culture, making it a civilization that is needed under all heaven. As a result, the question is why African culture, despite having the same assets as its Asian counterpart, is still learning how to assert itself on the global art scene, despite its natural and human potential.
Abstract: Rendered in Africa by curiosity, researchers have issued divergent opinions about the cultivation of different peoples. Some have been taken aback by the wealth of artistic production, while others believed that Africa did lack history. Father Engelbert Mveng reacted to these aberrations by arguing that the history of Africa is written in art and t...
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