Human malaria is caused by a few selected species of the genus Plasmodium. Among these, Plasmodium falciparum causes almost 90% of malaria-related mortality. Novel anti-malarial compounds are hence required to fight the anti-malarial drug-resistant P. falciparum parasites. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid), a non-protein amino acid, in preventing the growth and development of both asexual and sexual stages of in vitro cultured P. falciparum parasites. We found that 200 mM concentration of Taurine almost completely (>80%) inhibited the propagation of asexual stages of P. falciparum. In contrast, it did not have any inhibitory activity against the maturation of sexual or gametocyte stages. However, the gametocytogenesis or the conversion of asexual to stage I gametocyte was blocked partially by this compound. The results suggest that derivatives of Taurine /2-aminoethane sulfonic acid could be considered to further improve the effectiveness of Taurine as an antimalarial compound against both the asexual and early sexual stages of P. falciparum.
| Published in | Biomedical Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13 |
| Page(s) | 34-37 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, 2-amino Ethane Sulfonic Acid (Taurine), Drug Resistance and Gametocytes
| [1] | Organization WHO. 2016. World malaria report 2016. |
| [2] | Bousema JT, Schneider P, Gouagna LC, Drakeley CJ, Tostmann A, Houben R, Githure JI, Ord R, Sutherland CJ, Omar SA, Sauerwein RW. 2006. Moderate effect of artemisinin-based combination therapy on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis. 193: 1151–1159. |
| [3] | Mockenhaupt FP, Ehrhardt S, Dzisi SY et al. 2005. A randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial on sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone or combined with artesunate or amodiaquine in uncomplicated malaria. Tropical Medicine and International Health 10, 512–520. |
| [4] | Oesterholt MJ, Alifrangis M, Sutherland CJ, Omar SA, Sawa P, Howitt C Gouagna L Sauerwein RW, Bousema T. 2009. Submicroscopic gametocytes and the transmission of antifolate-resistance Plasmodium falciparum in Western Kenya. PLoS One. |
| [5] | Abdul-Ghani R, Basco LK, Beier JC, Mahdy M. 2015. Inclusion of gametocyte parameters in anti-malarial drug efficacy studies: filling a neglected gap needed for malaria elimination, Malaria Journal, 14: 413. |
| [6] | Straimer, J., et al. “Drug Resistance. 2015. K13-Propeller Mutations Confer Artemisinin Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates.” Science 347 428-43. |
| [7] | Cheng Q, Kyle DE, Gatton ML. 2012. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: A process linked to dormancy? Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2: 249-255. |
| [8] | Dondorp, A. M., Nosten, F., Yi, P., Das, D., Phyo, A. P., Tarning, J., Lwin, K. M., Ariey, F, Hanpithakpong, W., Lee, S. J., Ringwald, P., Silamut, K., Imwong, M., Chotivanich, K., Lim, P., Herdman, T., An, S. S., Yeung, S., Singhasivanon, P., Day, N. P., Lindegardh, N., Socheat, D., White, N. J., 2009. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 455–467. |
| [9] | Teuscher, F., Gatton, M. L., Chen, N., Peters, J., Kyle, D. E., Cheng, Q., 2010. Artemisinin-induced dormancy in Plasmodium falciparum: duration, recovery rates, and implications in treatment failure. J. Infect. Dis. 202, 1362–1368. |
| [10] | Teuscher, F., Chen, N., Kyle, D. E., Gatton, M. L., Cheng, Q., 2012. Phenotypic changes in artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum lines in vitro: evidence for decreased sensitivity to dormancy and growth inhibition. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56, 428–431. |
| [11] | Lutgen P (2017) New Insights into Malaria Prophylaxis. Pharm Pharmacol Int J 5 (6): 00141. DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2017.05.00141. |
| [12] | Delic D, Ulrich Warskulat, Elena Borsch, Saad Al-Qahtani, Saleh Al-Quraishi, Dieter Ha¨ussinger, and Frank Wunderlich. 2010. Loss of Ability To Self-Heal Malaria upon Taurine Transporter Deletion Infection and Immunity, Vol. 78, No. 4, 1642–1649. |
| [13] | Tanaka TQ, Guiguemde WA, Barnett DS, Maron MI, Min J, Connelly MC, Suryadevara PK, Guy RK, Williamson KC. 2015. Potent Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocidal activity of diaminonaphthoquinones, lead antimalarial chemotypes identified in an antimalarial compound screen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59: 1389-1397. |
| [14] | Drakeley C, Sutherland C, Bousema JT, Sauerwein RW, Targett AT. 2006. The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: weapons of mass dispersion. Trends Parasitol. 22: 424–30. |
| [15] | Eksi S, Morahan BJ, Haile Y, Furuya T, Jiang H, et al. 2012. Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Development 1 (Pfgdv1) and Gametocytogenesis Early Gene Identification and Commitment to Sexual Development. PLoS Pathog 8 (10). |
| [16] | Kirk K, Tilley L, Ginsburg H (1999) Transport and trafficking in the malaria infected erythrocyte. Parasitol Today 15 (9): 355-357. |
| [17] | Mesén-Ramírez P, Bergmann B, Tran TT, Garten M, Stäcker J, Naranjo-Prado I, et al. (2019) EXP1 is critical for nutrient uptake across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of malaria parasites. PLoS Biol 17 (9): e3000473. |
| [18] | Dickerman, B. K. et al. Identification of inhibitors that dually target the new permeability pathway and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. (2016) Sci. Rep. 6, 37502; doi: 10.1038/srep37502. |
APA Style
Thavamani Rajapandi, Kazim Ackie, Kavita Rajeev Hegde. (2019). Anti-plasmodial Activity of a Non-protein Amino Acid Taurine. Biomedical Sciences, 5(3), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13
ACS Style
Thavamani Rajapandi; Kazim Ackie; Kavita Rajeev Hegde. Anti-plasmodial Activity of a Non-protein Amino Acid Taurine. Biomed. Sci. 2019, 5(3), 34-37. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13
AMA Style
Thavamani Rajapandi, Kazim Ackie, Kavita Rajeev Hegde. Anti-plasmodial Activity of a Non-protein Amino Acid Taurine. Biomed Sci. 2019;5(3):34-37. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13,
author = {Thavamani Rajapandi and Kazim Ackie and Kavita Rajeev Hegde},
title = {Anti-plasmodial Activity of a Non-protein Amino Acid Taurine},
journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {34-37},
doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20190503.13},
abstract = {Human malaria is caused by a few selected species of the genus Plasmodium. Among these, Plasmodium falciparum causes almost 90% of malaria-related mortality. Novel anti-malarial compounds are hence required to fight the anti-malarial drug-resistant P. falciparum parasites. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid), a non-protein amino acid, in preventing the growth and development of both asexual and sexual stages of in vitro cultured P. falciparum parasites. We found that 200 mM concentration of Taurine almost completely (>80%) inhibited the propagation of asexual stages of P. falciparum. In contrast, it did not have any inhibitory activity against the maturation of sexual or gametocyte stages. However, the gametocytogenesis or the conversion of asexual to stage I gametocyte was blocked partially by this compound. The results suggest that derivatives of Taurine /2-aminoethane sulfonic acid could be considered to further improve the effectiveness of Taurine as an antimalarial compound against both the asexual and early sexual stages of P. falciparum.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Anti-plasmodial Activity of a Non-protein Amino Acid Taurine AU - Thavamani Rajapandi AU - Kazim Ackie AU - Kavita Rajeev Hegde Y1 - 2019/10/25 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13 DO - 10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13 T2 - Biomedical Sciences JF - Biomedical Sciences JO - Biomedical Sciences SP - 34 EP - 37 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3932 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190503.13 AB - Human malaria is caused by a few selected species of the genus Plasmodium. Among these, Plasmodium falciparum causes almost 90% of malaria-related mortality. Novel anti-malarial compounds are hence required to fight the anti-malarial drug-resistant P. falciparum parasites. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid), a non-protein amino acid, in preventing the growth and development of both asexual and sexual stages of in vitro cultured P. falciparum parasites. We found that 200 mM concentration of Taurine almost completely (>80%) inhibited the propagation of asexual stages of P. falciparum. In contrast, it did not have any inhibitory activity against the maturation of sexual or gametocyte stages. However, the gametocytogenesis or the conversion of asexual to stage I gametocyte was blocked partially by this compound. The results suggest that derivatives of Taurine /2-aminoethane sulfonic acid could be considered to further improve the effectiveness of Taurine as an antimalarial compound against both the asexual and early sexual stages of P. falciparum. VL - 5 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: