Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design

Abdirahman Jama; Abdulahi Abdiwali; Tesfaye Assebe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design

Abdirahman Jama, Abdulahi Abdiwali, Tesfaye Assebe

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 4 December 2022 Accepted: 4 January 2023 Published: 27 February 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Malaria is a protozoan-caused parasitic infection of the genus Plasmodium. Approximately 25 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa live at risk of Malaria. This study aims to address the prevalence of Malaria and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bossaso, Somalia. A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women in Bossaso General Hospital (BGH) using an interview-administered questionnaire and malaria diagnosis confirmation, which was done on microscope-based laboratory techniques. The collected data were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with Malaria. The overall prevalence of Malaria was found to be 20.9% [95%CI (15.9%, 25.9%)]. Of these, 64 (75.3%), 19 (22.4%), and 2 (2.4%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection, respectively. The factors like the presence of water pond sites around the house or vicinity [AOR= 6.5, 95% CI (1.6, 20.5)] and always using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) [AOR=0.1, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88)] were found to be significantly associated with Malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of Malaria among pregnant women in the study area was found to be high; Thus, this study emphasized the need to provide health education and consultation to pregnant women on the appropriate malaria preventive methods and continue strengthening other interventions.

Published in	Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
Page(s)	22-29
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaria, Pregnant Women, Bossaso, Somalia

References

[1]	Agomo, C. O., & Oyibo, W. A. (2013). Factors Associated With Risk Of Malaria Infection Among Pregnant Women In Lagos, Nigeria. Infect Dis Poverty, 2 (1), 19. Doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-2-19
[2]	Cdc. (2019). Malaria. Retrieved From Https://Www.Cdc.Gov/Dotw/Malaria/Index.Html
[3]	Cisse, M., Sangare, I., Lougue, G., Bamba, S., Bayane, D., & Guiguemde, R. T. (2014). Prevalence And Risk Factors For Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic In Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Bmc Infect Dis, 14, 631. Doi: 10.1186/S12879-014-0631-Z
[4]	ReliefWeb. “World Malaria Day Marked in Somalia with Commitment to Reduce Infection Rate Further - Somalia,” April 25, 2016. https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/world-malaria-day-marked-somalia-commitment-reduce-infection-rate-further.
[5]	Fried, Michal, and Patrick E. Duffy. “Malaria during Pregnancy.” PubMed Central (PMC), n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a025551.
[6]	Gontie, G. B., Wolde, H. F., & Baraki, A. G. (2020). Prevalence and Associated Factors Of Malaria Among Pregnant Women In Sherkole District, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, West Ethiopia. Bmc Infect Dis, 20 (1), 573. Doi: 10.1186/S12879-020-05289-9
[7]	Municipality, B. (2015). Districts \| Bosaso Municipality. Retrieved From Https://Web.Archive.Org/Web/20150202193210 / Http://Bosasomunicipality.Com/Districts
[8]	Somalia, F. R. O. (2020). The Somali Health And Demographic Survey 2020.
[9]	Somalia, U. (2015). Unicef Somalia - Health - Child And Maternal Health. Retrieved From Https://Www.Unicef.Org/Somalia/Health.Html
[10]	Tegegne, Y., Asmelash, D., Ambachew, S., Eshetie, S., Addisu, A., & Jejaw Zeleke, A. (2019). The Prevalence Of Malaria Among Pregnant Women In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Parasitol Res, 2019, 8396091. Doi: 10.1155/2019/8396091
[11]	Tesfahunegn, A., Berhe, G., & Gebregziabher, E. (2019). Risk Factors Associated With Malaria Outbreak In Laelay Adyabo District Northern Ethiopia, 2017: Case-Control Study Design. Bmc Public Health, 19 (1), 484. Doi: 10.1186/S12889-019-6798-X
[12]	Unicef. (2018). Unicef Somalia - Media Centre - World Malaria Day Marked In Somalia With Commitment To Reduce Infection Rate Further. Retrieved From Https://Www.Unicef.Org/Somalia/Media_18155.Html
[13]	Accrombessi, M., Yovo, E., Fievet, N., Cottrell, G., Agbota, G., Gartner, A., Martin-Prevel, Y., Vianou, B., Sossou, D., Fanou-Fogny, N., Djossinou, D., Massougbodji, A., Cot, M., & Briand, V. (2019). Effects of Malaria in the First Trimester of Pregnancy on Poor Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Benin. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 69 (8), 1385–1393. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1073.
[14]	WHO. (2011). Who \| Malaria. Retrieved From Https://Www.Who.Int/Ith/Diseases/Malaria/En/
[15]	WHO. (2015). Microscopy For The Detection, Identification And Quantification Of Malaria Parasites On Stained Thick And Thin Blood Films In Research Settings (Version 1.0): Procedure: Methods Manual. Retrieved From Https://Apps.Who.Int/Iris/Handle/10665/163782
[16]	WHO. (2018). Malaria In Pregnant Women. Retrieved From Https://Www.Who.Int/Malaria/Areas/High_Risk_Groups/Pregnancy/En/
[17]	WHO. (2019a). Malaria. Retrieved From Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Malaria
[18]	WHO. (2019b). World Malaria Report. Retrieved From: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1
[19]	Malaria. “Fact Sheet about Malaria,” December 8, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria.
[20]	Isah, A. Y., Amanabo, M. A., & Ekele, B. A. (2011). Prevalence of malaria parasitemia amongst asymptomatic pregnant women attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. Annals of African medicine, 10 (2), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.82070
[21]	Fana, Sani Abdullahi, Mohammed Danladi Abubakar Bunza, Sule Aliyu Anka, Asiya Umar Imam, and Shehu Usman Nataala. “Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women in a Semi-Urban Community of North-Western Nigeria - Infectious Diseases of Poverty.” BioMed Central, April 24, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0054-0.
[22]	Chaponda, Enesia Banda, Daniel Chandramohan, Charles Michelo, Sungano Mharakurwa, James Chipeta, and R. Matthew Chico. “High Burden of Malaria Infection in Pregnant Women in a Rural District of Zambia: A Cross-Sectional Study - Malaria Journal.” BioMed Central, September 30, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0866-1.
[23]	David Musoke, Rawlance Ndejjo, Abdullah Ali Halage, Simon Kasasa, John C. Ssempebwa, and David O. Carpenter. “Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda.” Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda, January 28, 2018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710120.
[24]	Sabin, L., Hecht, E. M. S., Brooks, M. I., Singh, M. P., Yeboah-Antwi, K., Rizal, A., Wylie, B. J., Bondzie, P. A., Banos, M., Tuchman, J., Singh, N., & Hamer, D. H. (2018). Prevention and treatment of malaria in pregnancy: what do pregnant women and health care workers in East India know and do about it? Malaria journal, 17 (1), 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2339-9

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abdirahman Jama, Abdulahi Abdiwali, Tesfaye Assebe. (2023). Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Central African Journal of Public Health, 9(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abdirahman Jama; Abdulahi Abdiwali; Tesfaye Assebe. Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2023, 9(1), 22-29. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abdirahman Jama, Abdulahi Abdiwali, Tesfaye Assebe. Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2023;9(1):22-29. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13,
  author = {Abdirahman Jama and Abdulahi Abdiwali and Tesfaye Assebe},
  title = {Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20230901.13},
  abstract = {Malaria is a protozoan-caused parasitic infection of the genus Plasmodium. Approximately 25 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa live at risk of Malaria. This study aims to address the prevalence of Malaria and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bossaso, Somalia. A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women in Bossaso General Hospital (BGH) using an interview-administered questionnaire and malaria diagnosis confirmation, which was done on microscope-based laboratory techniques. The collected data were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with Malaria. The overall prevalence of Malaria was found to be 20.9% [95%CI (15.9%, 25.9%)]. Of these, 64 (75.3%), 19 (22.4%), and 2 (2.4%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection, respectively. The factors like the presence of water pond sites around the house or vicinity [AOR= 6.5, 95% CI (1.6, 20.5)] and always using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) [AOR=0.1, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88)] were found to be significantly associated with Malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of Malaria among pregnant women in the study area was found to be high; Thus, this study emphasized the need to provide health education and consultation to pregnant women on the appropriate malaria preventive methods and continue strengthening other interventions.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design
AU  - Abdirahman Jama
AU  - Abdulahi Abdiwali
AU  - Tesfaye Assebe
Y1  - 2023/02/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 22
EP  - 29
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
AB  - Malaria is a protozoan-caused parasitic infection of the genus Plasmodium. Approximately 25 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa live at risk of Malaria. This study aims to address the prevalence of Malaria and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bossaso, Somalia. A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women in Bossaso General Hospital (BGH) using an interview-administered questionnaire and malaria diagnosis confirmation, which was done on microscope-based laboratory techniques. The collected data were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with Malaria. The overall prevalence of Malaria was found to be 20.9% [95%CI (15.9%, 25.9%)]. Of these, 64 (75.3%), 19 (22.4%), and 2 (2.4%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection, respectively. The factors like the presence of water pond sites around the house or vicinity [AOR= 6.5, 95% CI (1.6, 20.5)] and always using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) [AOR=0.1, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88)] were found to be significantly associated with Malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of Malaria among pregnant women in the study area was found to be high; Thus, this study emphasized the need to provide health education and consultation to pregnant women on the appropriate malaria preventive methods and continue strengthening other interventions.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Abdirahman Jama

Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Admas University, Garowe, Somalia
Abdulahi Abdiwali

Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Admas University, Garowe, Somalia
Tesfaye Assebe

Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abdirahman Jama, Abdulahi Abdiwali, Tesfaye Assebe. (2023). Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Central African Journal of Public Health, 9(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abdirahman Jama; Abdulahi Abdiwali; Tesfaye Assebe. Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2023, 9(1), 22-29. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abdirahman Jama, Abdulahi Abdiwali, Tesfaye Assebe. Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2023;9(1):22-29. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13,
  author = {Abdirahman Jama and Abdulahi Abdiwali and Tesfaye Assebe},
  title = {Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20230901.13},
  abstract = {Malaria is a protozoan-caused parasitic infection of the genus Plasmodium. Approximately 25 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa live at risk of Malaria. This study aims to address the prevalence of Malaria and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bossaso, Somalia. A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women in Bossaso General Hospital (BGH) using an interview-administered questionnaire and malaria diagnosis confirmation, which was done on microscope-based laboratory techniques. The collected data were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with Malaria. The overall prevalence of Malaria was found to be 20.9% [95%CI (15.9%, 25.9%)]. Of these, 64 (75.3%), 19 (22.4%), and 2 (2.4%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection, respectively. The factors like the presence of water pond sites around the house or vicinity [AOR= 6.5, 95% CI (1.6, 20.5)] and always using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) [AOR=0.1, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88)] were found to be significantly associated with Malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of Malaria among pregnant women in the study area was found to be high; Thus, this study emphasized the need to provide health education and consultation to pregnant women on the appropriate malaria preventive methods and continue strengthening other interventions.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Bossaso City, Somalia: Cross Sectional Study Design
AU  - Abdirahman Jama
AU  - Abdulahi Abdiwali
AU  - Tesfaye Assebe
Y1  - 2023/02/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 22
EP  - 29
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230901.13
AB  - Malaria is a protozoan-caused parasitic infection of the genus Plasmodium. Approximately 25 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa live at risk of Malaria. This study aims to address the prevalence of Malaria and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bossaso, Somalia. A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women in Bossaso General Hospital (BGH) using an interview-administered questionnaire and malaria diagnosis confirmation, which was done on microscope-based laboratory techniques. The collected data were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with Malaria. The overall prevalence of Malaria was found to be 20.9% [95%CI (15.9%, 25.9%)]. Of these, 64 (75.3%), 19 (22.4%), and 2 (2.4%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection, respectively. The factors like the presence of water pond sites around the house or vicinity [AOR= 6.5, 95% CI (1.6, 20.5)] and always using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) [AOR=0.1, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88)] were found to be significantly associated with Malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of Malaria among pregnant women in the study area was found to be high; Thus, this study emphasized the need to provide health education and consultation to pregnant women on the appropriate malaria preventive methods and continue strengthening other interventions.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download