The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples in the bitumen environment of Ondo State Nigeria was studied using X-Ray Florescence and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The bulk minerals were qualitatively studied with EVA software and quantified using Rietveld refinement method. The mineralogy was found to be essentially quartz, kaolinite and feldspars with respective abundances of 83.76-93.76%, 4.38-10.60% and 1.86-3.82%. The geochemistry reveals that the order of abundance of major oxides is SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 ≥ K2O > MgO > CaO > Na2O ≥ P2O5 > MnO > Cr2O3. Only Fe2O3 shows a little leaching into the subsurface layer while TiO2 was relatively stable between the two layers. The high quartz, low kaolinite, low feldspar and low gibbsite content may indicate moderate to high degree of weathering; higher contents of silica and alumina as well as alkalis and calcium in the surface layer may equally suggest an aeolian additions and/or relative enrichment of minerals during weathering and nutrient cycling by vegetation.
| Published in | Earth Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16 |
| Page(s) | 123-134 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Soil, Bitumen, Environment, XRF, XRD
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APA Style
Tomori W. B., Yanful E. K., Flemming R. L., Amoo I. A., Aiyesanmi A. F., et al. (2017). Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Soil in Ondo State Bitumen Environment, Nigeria. Earth Sciences, 5(6), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16
ACS Style
Tomori W. B.; Yanful E. K.; Flemming R. L.; Amoo I. A.; Aiyesanmi A. F., et al. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Soil in Ondo State Bitumen Environment, Nigeria. Earth Sci. 2017, 5(6), 123-134. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16
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Download@article{10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16,
author = {Tomori W. B. and Yanful E. K. and Flemming R. L. and Amoo I. A. and Aiyesanmi A. F. and Adekoya J. A.},
title = {Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Soil in Ondo State Bitumen Environment, Nigeria},
journal = {Earth Sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {123-134},
doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20160506.16},
abstract = {The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples in the bitumen environment of Ondo State Nigeria was studied using X-Ray Florescence and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The bulk minerals were qualitatively studied with EVA software and quantified using Rietveld refinement method. The mineralogy was found to be essentially quartz, kaolinite and feldspars with respective abundances of 83.76-93.76%, 4.38-10.60% and 1.86-3.82%. The geochemistry reveals that the order of abundance of major oxides is SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 ≥ K2O > MgO > CaO > Na2O ≥ P2O5 > MnO > Cr2O3. Only Fe2O3 shows a little leaching into the subsurface layer while TiO2 was relatively stable between the two layers. The high quartz, low kaolinite, low feldspar and low gibbsite content may indicate moderate to high degree of weathering; higher contents of silica and alumina as well as alkalis and calcium in the surface layer may equally suggest an aeolian additions and/or relative enrichment of minerals during weathering and nutrient cycling by vegetation.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Soil in Ondo State Bitumen Environment, Nigeria AU - Tomori W. B. AU - Yanful E. K. AU - Flemming R. L. AU - Amoo I. A. AU - Aiyesanmi A. F. AU - Adekoya J. A. Y1 - 2017/01/04 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16 DO - 10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16 T2 - Earth Sciences JF - Earth Sciences JO - Earth Sciences SP - 123 EP - 134 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5982 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160506.16 AB - The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples in the bitumen environment of Ondo State Nigeria was studied using X-Ray Florescence and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The bulk minerals were qualitatively studied with EVA software and quantified using Rietveld refinement method. The mineralogy was found to be essentially quartz, kaolinite and feldspars with respective abundances of 83.76-93.76%, 4.38-10.60% and 1.86-3.82%. The geochemistry reveals that the order of abundance of major oxides is SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 ≥ K2O > MgO > CaO > Na2O ≥ P2O5 > MnO > Cr2O3. Only Fe2O3 shows a little leaching into the subsurface layer while TiO2 was relatively stable between the two layers. The high quartz, low kaolinite, low feldspar and low gibbsite content may indicate moderate to high degree of weathering; higher contents of silica and alumina as well as alkalis and calcium in the surface layer may equally suggest an aeolian additions and/or relative enrichment of minerals during weathering and nutrient cycling by vegetation. VL - 5 IS - 6 ER -
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