Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb

Nikola Solaric; Miljenko Solaric; Marijan Marjanovic; Zlatko Bogdanovski; Sasho Dimeski

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb

Nikola Solaric, Miljenko Solaric, Marijan Marjanovic, Zlatko Bogdanovski, Sasho Dimeski

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 9 March 2020 Accepted: 9 April 2020 Published: 18 May 2020

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Abstract

Distances between permanent GNSSS stations in positional systems are usually short between 30 km and 80 km. So calculated distances between the GNSS stations from their position coordinates calculated by processing collected GNSS data with Bernese software will be very well determined. The first time we determined that two days before earthquake in Kraljevo 2010 were shortening of sides between the GNSS referent stations, that this was a compression of the Earth’s crust two days before the earthquake. This effect was also confirmed on the Earthquakes Dreznica 2013, Skopje 2016 and Zagreb 2018 and that after compression two or several days after the earthquake occurs. However, they can also enable geophysicists to determine warn of possible earthquakes. On the end it was suggested that in the Control Center of CROPOS is required to establish a department for determination of compression in Earth crust based on GNSS measurement of the reference GNSS stations. This compression is possible to determine by "The method of daily changing the distance between GNSS permanent referent stations". After determination compression in Earth crust and using other geophysical methods will be probably possible to warn to upcoming earthquakes.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
Page(s)	100-107
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

GNSS, AGROS, MAKPOS, CROPOS, Earthquake

References

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[2]	Kuk V., Prelogovic E., Sovic I., Kuk K., Sariri K. (2000): Seizmoloske i Seizmotektonske znacajke zagrebackog podrucja (Seismological and seism-tectonically properties of the wider Zagreb area), Gradevinar 52, 11, 647-653 (Croatia). JCE-52-2000-11-02 Rasjedi u okolici Zagreba.pdf (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[3]	Marjanovic M., Basic T. (2010): CROPOS – Positioning Easier than Ever, Trimble Dimensions 2010 Conference Converge, Connect and Collaborate, 8–10 November 2010, Las Vegas, USA.
[4]	Miklin Z. (2007): Potresi na zagrebackom podrucju (Earthquakes in the Zagreb area) (Kuk V. 2007), http://www.hgi-cgs.hr/zagreb_potresi.html (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[5]	Oluic M. (GEOSAT Ltd, Croatia) (2015a): Remote Sensing in Pre-earthquakes Exploration, Case Study of Zagreb Region, Universal Journal of Geosciences 3 (6): 195-197. http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujg.2015.030603 (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[6]	Oluic M. (2015b): Potresi uzroci nastanka i posljedice s posebnim osvrtom na Hrvatsku i s posebnim osvrtom na Hrvatsku i susjedna podrucja (Earthquakes, the causes and consequences with special attention to Croatia and neighboring areas), izdavac (publisher) Prosvjeta– Zagreb (Croatia).
[7]	Pavasovic M., Marjanovic M., Basic T. (2015): CROPOS kao Hrvatski terestricki Referentni okvir (CROPOS as Croatian Terrestrial Reference Frame), Proceedings, 4th CROPOS Conference, 22 May 2015, 26–29, Zagreb, Croatia.
[8]	Premuzic M., Sugar D., Bacic Z. (2018): Mogucnosti pozicioniranja primjenom Sustava Galileo i novih metoda mrežnog rjesenja (Positioning possibilities through the application of Galileo system and network positioning methods), 5. CROPOS konferencija – Zbornika radova, Zagreb, studeni 2018, 55-68. http://www.cropos.hr/files/docs/5-konferencija/Zbornik_radova.pdf (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[9]	Pribicevic B., Dapo A., (2016): Analiza pomaka na Geodinamickoj mrezi Grada Zagreba iz razlicitih vremenskih epoha, (Shift analysis on the City Geodynamic Network of Zagreb from different epochs), Geodetski list, 70 (93), 3, 207 –230 (Croatia). https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=249933 (Accessed 4 November 2018). http://www.hgi-cgs.hr/zagreb potresi.html (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[10]	Rudeš T. (2010): Zagreb 6, 5 po Richteru - četvrtina grada bila bi sravnjena sa zemljom, (Zagreb 6.5 per Richter - a quarter of a city would be dumped with the earth) Jutarnji list 13.03.2010. https://www.jutarnji.hr/.../zagreb-65-po-richteru-cetvrtina-grada-bila-bi-sravnjena-sa-z. (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[11]	Solaric N., Solaric M., Svehla D. (2012a): Nove revolucionarne mogusnosti u geodeziji koje pruzaju otkrica za koja su dobivene Nobelove nagrade za fiziku 2005. i 1997. godine (New revolutionary opportunities in geodesy that provide the discoveries for which the 2005 and 1997 Nobel Prizes in Physics were awarded) Geodetski list Vol. 66 (92), 1, 1-19 (Croatia). https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=toc&id_broj=7007.
[12]	Solaric N., Solaric M. (2012b): Prijedlog da se u Zagrebu i okolici uz CROPOS-ove stanice postavi nekoliko GPS (GNSS) permanentnih stanica za geodinamiku i mogucu najavu veceg zemljotresa u slijedecem periodu vremena (Proposal for Zagreb and Surroundings a few GNSS permanent stations for geodynamics and possibility the announcement of larger earthquake in the future period), Geodetski list, Vol. 66 (92, 149-164 (Croatia). http://hrcak.srce.hr/95827 (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[13]	Solaric N., Solaric M., Pejakovic M. (2017): Dva dana prije potresa u Dreznici 2013. godine doslo je do kompresije terena (Two days before the Earthquake in Dreznica 2013 there has been compression of terrain), Geodetski list, Vol. 71 (94), No. 3, 203-214. (Croatia) https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=279500 (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[14]	Solaric N., Solaric M., Bogdanovski Z., Dimeski S. (2018): Three days before the Earthquake in Skopje there was a compression of the Earth's crust, Geodetski list, Vol. 72 (95), No. 1, 15-35 (2018), https://hrcak.srce.hr/200222 (Accessed 4 November).
[15]	URL 1: Stanovnici Dreznice o potresu: Tutnjalo je kao da dolazi vlak” (Residents of Dreznica about the earthquake: Has roared as if comes the train”), http://www.24sata.hr/news/graani-zovu-112-tresli-se-sjeverno-primorje-i-zagreb326069, (Accessed 4 November 2018).
[16]	URL 2: U zemljotresu u Makedoniji oko 50 povrijedenih, građani u panici (In the Earthquake in Macedonia about 50 injured, citizens in panic), https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/regija/u-zemljotresu-u-makedoniji-oko-50-povrijedjenih- gradjani-u-panici/ 160911075, (Accessed 4 December 2018).
[17]	URL 3: Seizmoloska sluzba: Izvjesca o potresima (Seismological Service: Earthquake Reports) (Accessed 4 December 2018).
[18]	URL 4: Potres magnitude 2, 7 prema Richteru zatresao je jutros podrucje Velike Gorice, a osjetili su ga i Zagrepcani (A magnitude of 2.7 earthquake according to Richter shook this morning Velika Gorica, and was felt by the people of Zagreb.) https://www.google.hr/search?source=hp&ei=o5BtXef-Ha_orgT1j6_ACQ&q=Potres+magnitude+2%2C7+prema+Richteru+zatresao+je+ jutros+područje+Velike++Gorice%2C (Accessed 4 December 2018).
[19]	URL 5: Ponovno potres kod Zagreba (Earthquake near Zagreb again) http://hr.n1info.com/Vijesti/a350548/Potres-kod-Zagreba.html (Accessed 4 December 2018).

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APA Style

Nikola Solaric, Miljenko Solaric, Marijan Marjanovic, Zlatko Bogdanovski, Sasho Dimeski. (2020). Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sciences, 9(3), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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ACS Style

Nikola Solaric; Miljenko Solaric; Marijan Marjanovic; Zlatko Bogdanovski; Sasho Dimeski. Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sci. 2020, 9(3), 100-107. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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AMA Style

Nikola Solaric, Miljenko Solaric, Marijan Marjanovic, Zlatko Bogdanovski, Sasho Dimeski. Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sci. 2020;9(3):100-107. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12,
  author = {Nikola Solaric and Miljenko Solaric and Marijan Marjanovic and Zlatko Bogdanovski and Sasho Dimeski},
  title = {Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {100-107},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20200903.12},
  abstract = {Distances between permanent GNSSS stations in positional systems are usually short between 30 km and 80 km. So calculated distances between the GNSS stations from their position coordinates calculated by processing collected GNSS data with Bernese software will be very well determined. The first time we determined that two days before earthquake in Kraljevo 2010 were shortening of sides between the GNSS referent stations, that this was a compression of the Earth’s crust two days before the earthquake. This effect was also confirmed on the Earthquakes Dreznica 2013, Skopje 2016 and Zagreb 2018 and that after compression two or several days after the earthquake occurs. However, they can also enable geophysicists to determine warn of possible earthquakes. On the end it was suggested that in the Control Center of CROPOS is required to establish a department for determination of compression in Earth crust based on GNSS measurement of the reference GNSS stations. This compression is possible to determine by "The method of daily changing the distance between GNSS permanent referent stations". After determination compression in Earth crust and using other geophysical methods will be probably possible to warn to upcoming earthquakes.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb
AU  - Nikola Solaric
AU  - Miljenko Solaric
AU  - Marijan Marjanovic
AU  - Zlatko Bogdanovski
AU  - Sasho Dimeski
Y1  - 2020/05/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 100
EP  - 107
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
AB  - Distances between permanent GNSSS stations in positional systems are usually short between 30 km and 80 km. So calculated distances between the GNSS stations from their position coordinates calculated by processing collected GNSS data with Bernese software will be very well determined. The first time we determined that two days before earthquake in Kraljevo 2010 were shortening of sides between the GNSS referent stations, that this was a compression of the Earth’s crust two days before the earthquake. This effect was also confirmed on the Earthquakes Dreznica 2013, Skopje 2016 and Zagreb 2018 and that after compression two or several days after the earthquake occurs. However, they can also enable geophysicists to determine warn of possible earthquakes. On the end it was suggested that in the Control Center of CROPOS is required to establish a department for determination of compression in Earth crust based on GNSS measurement of the reference GNSS stations. This compression is possible to determine by "The method of daily changing the distance between GNSS permanent referent stations". After determination compression in Earth crust and using other geophysical methods will be probably possible to warn to upcoming earthquakes.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Nikola Solaric

Institute for Geomatics, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Miljenko Solaric

Institute for Geomatics, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Marijan Marjanovic

The State Geodetic Survey, The State Geodetic Administration, Zagreb, Croatia
Zlatko Bogdanovski

Department of Geodesy and Mathematics/ Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
Sasho Dimeski

Agency for Real Estate, Skopje, North Macedonia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nikola Solaric, Miljenko Solaric, Marijan Marjanovic, Zlatko Bogdanovski, Sasho Dimeski. (2020). Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sciences, 9(3), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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ACS Style

Nikola Solaric; Miljenko Solaric; Marijan Marjanovic; Zlatko Bogdanovski; Sasho Dimeski. Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sci. 2020, 9(3), 100-107. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

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AMA Style

Nikola Solaric, Miljenko Solaric, Marijan Marjanovic, Zlatko Bogdanovski, Sasho Dimeski. Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb. Earth Sci. 2020;9(3):100-107. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12,
  author = {Nikola Solaric and Miljenko Solaric and Marijan Marjanovic and Zlatko Bogdanovski and Sasho Dimeski},
  title = {Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {100-107},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20200903.12},
  abstract = {Distances between permanent GNSSS stations in positional systems are usually short between 30 km and 80 km. So calculated distances between the GNSS stations from their position coordinates calculated by processing collected GNSS data with Bernese software will be very well determined. The first time we determined that two days before earthquake in Kraljevo 2010 were shortening of sides between the GNSS referent stations, that this was a compression of the Earth’s crust two days before the earthquake. This effect was also confirmed on the Earthquakes Dreznica 2013, Skopje 2016 and Zagreb 2018 and that after compression two or several days after the earthquake occurs. However, they can also enable geophysicists to determine warn of possible earthquakes. On the end it was suggested that in the Control Center of CROPOS is required to establish a department for determination of compression in Earth crust based on GNSS measurement of the reference GNSS stations. This compression is possible to determine by "The method of daily changing the distance between GNSS permanent referent stations". After determination compression in Earth crust and using other geophysical methods will be probably possible to warn to upcoming earthquakes.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Reference GNSS Stations for Warning on Possibility of Upcoming Earthquake in Zagreb
AU  - Nikola Solaric
AU  - Miljenko Solaric
AU  - Marijan Marjanovic
AU  - Zlatko Bogdanovski
AU  - Sasho Dimeski
Y1  - 2020/05/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 100
EP  - 107
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.12
AB  - Distances between permanent GNSSS stations in positional systems are usually short between 30 km and 80 km. So calculated distances between the GNSS stations from their position coordinates calculated by processing collected GNSS data with Bernese software will be very well determined. The first time we determined that two days before earthquake in Kraljevo 2010 were shortening of sides between the GNSS referent stations, that this was a compression of the Earth’s crust two days before the earthquake. This effect was also confirmed on the Earthquakes Dreznica 2013, Skopje 2016 and Zagreb 2018 and that after compression two or several days after the earthquake occurs. However, they can also enable geophysicists to determine warn of possible earthquakes. On the end it was suggested that in the Control Center of CROPOS is required to establish a department for determination of compression in Earth crust based on GNSS measurement of the reference GNSS stations. This compression is possible to determine by "The method of daily changing the distance between GNSS permanent referent stations". After determination compression in Earth crust and using other geophysical methods will be probably possible to warn to upcoming earthquakes.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download