Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah; Chizoo Esonye; Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 11 August 2021 Accepted: 23 August 2021 Published: 7 September 2021

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Abstract

Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R² values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R² values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min^-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
Page(s)	198-206
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel, Kinetics, Rate Constant, Soyabeansoapstock

References

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[4]	Encinar, J. M., Pardal, A & Sanchez, N. (2016). An improvement to the transesterification process by the use of co-solvents to produce biodiesel fuel. 60: pp 1572-1581.
[5]	Esonye, C., Onukwuli, O. D & Ofoefule, A. U (2019). Optimization of methyl ester production from Prunus Amygdalus seed oil using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks. Renewable Energy. 130: pp 61-72.
[6]	Esonye, C., Onukwuli, O. D & Ofoefule, A. U (2019). Chemical kinetics of a two-step transesterification of dyacrodesedulis seed oil using acid-alkali catalyst. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 145: pp 245-257.
[7]	Faruque, M. O., Razzak, S. A &Hossain, M. M. (2020). Application of heterogenous catalysts for biodiesel production from microalgal oil. Catalysts. 10 (25): pp 1-25.
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[9]	Ramadhas, A. S., Jayaraj, S &Muraleedharan, C. (2005). Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel. 84 (4): pp 335–340.
[10]	Ganesan, D., Rajendran, A. &Thangavelu, V (2009). An overview on the recent advances in the transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel production using chemical and biocatalysts. Rev Environ SciBiotechnol. 8: pp 367.
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[15]	Patil, P., Gude, V. G., Pinappu, S & Deng, S (2011). Transesterification kinetics of camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal. 168: pp 1296–1300.
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Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. (2021). Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences, 10(5), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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Chinedu Gabriel Mbah; Chizoo Esonye; Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(5), 198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021;10(5):198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11,
  author = {Chinedu Gabriel Mbah and Chizoo Esonye and Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli},
  title = {Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {198-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211005.11},
  abstract = {Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock
AU  - Chinedu Gabriel Mbah
AU  - Chizoo Esonye
AU  - Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli
Y1  - 2021/09/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
AB  - Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah

Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria
Chizoo Esonye

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli

Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. (2021). Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences, 10(5), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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ACS Style

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah; Chizoo Esonye; Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(5), 198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021;10(5):198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11,
  author = {Chinedu Gabriel Mbah and Chizoo Esonye and Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli},
  title = {Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {198-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211005.11},
  abstract = {Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock
AU  - Chinedu Gabriel Mbah
AU  - Chizoo Esonye
AU  - Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli
Y1  - 2021/09/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
AB  - Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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