Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization

Gouban Hamadjida; Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem; Jean Pierre Temga; Elisé Sababa; Primus Tamfuh Azinwi; Simon Djakba Basga; Elisabeth Yaboki; Jean Pierre Nguetnkam; Dieudonné Lucien Bitom

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization

Gouban Hamadjida, Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem, Jean Pierre Temga, Elisé Sababa, Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, Simon Djakba Basga, Elisabeth Yaboki, Jean Pierre Nguetnkam, Dieudonné Lucien Bitom

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 7 June 2022 Accepted: 29 June 2022 Published: 22 July 2022

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Abstract

Fourthy one representative profile of Northern Cameroon Vertisols on lowland and upland areas under tropical seasonally contrasted climate were investigated to assess the genesis of smectite and vertisolization processes on their geochemistry relation. Macro-micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties were determined for 137 soil samples. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the dataset and identify affinity groups of samples and properties. Dark gray color, slickensides, cracks and micro relief gilgaï are major characteristics of the soils within the abundance of the major mineral constituents: smectite, kaolinite and quartz. Silicon, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in Vertisols. Vertisols developed upland and lowland under tropical seasonally contrasted climate showed the following orders for REE concentrations: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm and Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm, respectively. The grouping of properties into affinity groups is mostly weak with properties showing a diffuse distribution with no very distinct affinity groups. In the upland Vertisols, genesis of the smestites is made from the feldspars present in the parent rock; meanwhile, high smectite content was related to the low landscape positions, a strongly contrasted climate and the presence of a clay-rich alluvial parent material in lowland Vertisols. Climates with contrasting seasons, there is intense weathering during the wet season. The released ions are concentrated in the dry season and give smectite. This concentration can take place on site on basic or acid crystal rocks, or in the low points of the landscape.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
Page(s)	171-193
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cameroon, Tropical Contrasting Seasons, Vertisols, Pedological, Geochemistry, Vertisolization Process

References

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Gouban Hamadjida, Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem, Jean Pierre Temga, Elisé Sababa, Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. (2022). Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sciences, 11(4), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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Gouban Hamadjida; Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem; Jean Pierre Temga; Elisé Sababa; Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sci. 2022, 11(4), 171-193. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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Gouban Hamadjida, Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem, Jean Pierre Temga, Elisé Sababa, Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sci. 2022;11(4):171-193. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14,
  author = {Gouban Hamadjida and Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem and Jean Pierre Temga and Elisé Sababa and Primus Tamfuh Azinwi and Simon Djakba Basga and Elisabeth Yaboki and Jean Pierre Nguetnkam and Dieudonné Lucien Bitom},
  title = {Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171-193},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20221104.14},
  abstract = {Fourthy one representative profile of Northern Cameroon Vertisols on lowland and upland areas under tropical seasonally contrasted climate were investigated to assess the genesis of smectite and vertisolization processes on their geochemistry relation. Macro-micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties were determined for 137 soil samples. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the dataset and identify affinity groups of samples and properties. Dark gray color, slickensides, cracks and micro relief gilgaï are major characteristics of the soils within the abundance of the major mineral constituents: smectite, kaolinite and quartz. Silicon, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in Vertisols. Vertisols developed upland and lowland under tropical seasonally contrasted climate showed the following orders for REE concentrations: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm and Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm, respectively. The grouping of properties into affinity groups is mostly weak with properties showing a diffuse distribution with no very distinct affinity groups. In the upland Vertisols, genesis of the smestites is made from the feldspars present in the parent rock; meanwhile, high smectite content was related to the low landscape positions, a strongly contrasted climate and the presence of a clay-rich alluvial parent material in lowland Vertisols. Climates with contrasting seasons, there is intense weathering during the wet season. The released ions are concentrated in the dry season and give smectite. This concentration can take place on site on basic or acid crystal rocks, or in the low points of the landscape.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization
AU  - Gouban Hamadjida
AU  - Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem
AU  - Jean Pierre Temga
AU  - Elisé Sababa
AU  - Primus Tamfuh Azinwi
AU  - Simon Djakba Basga
AU  - Elisabeth Yaboki
AU  - Jean Pierre Nguetnkam
AU  - Dieudonné Lucien Bitom
Y1  - 2022/07/22
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 171
EP  - 193
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
AB  - Fourthy one representative profile of Northern Cameroon Vertisols on lowland and upland areas under tropical seasonally contrasted climate were investigated to assess the genesis of smectite and vertisolization processes on their geochemistry relation. Macro-micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties were determined for 137 soil samples. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the dataset and identify affinity groups of samples and properties. Dark gray color, slickensides, cracks and micro relief gilgaï are major characteristics of the soils within the abundance of the major mineral constituents: smectite, kaolinite and quartz. Silicon, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in Vertisols. Vertisols developed upland and lowland under tropical seasonally contrasted climate showed the following orders for REE concentrations: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm and Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm, respectively. The grouping of properties into affinity groups is mostly weak with properties showing a diffuse distribution with no very distinct affinity groups. In the upland Vertisols, genesis of the smestites is made from the feldspars present in the parent rock; meanwhile, high smectite content was related to the low landscape positions, a strongly contrasted climate and the presence of a clay-rich alluvial parent material in lowland Vertisols. Climates with contrasting seasons, there is intense weathering during the wet season. The released ions are concentrated in the dry season and give smectite. This concentration can take place on site on basic or acid crystal rocks, or in the low points of the landscape.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Gouban Hamadjida

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Jean Pierre Temga

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Elisé Sababa

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Primus Tamfuh Azinwi

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Dschang, Cameroon
Simon Djakba Basga

Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Garoua, Cameroon
Elisabeth Yaboki

Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Garoua, Cameroon
Jean Pierre Nguetnkam

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Dieudonné Lucien Bitom

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

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Gouban Hamadjida, Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem, Jean Pierre Temga, Elisé Sababa, Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. (2022). Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sciences, 11(4), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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Gouban Hamadjida; Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem; Jean Pierre Temga; Elisé Sababa; Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sci. 2022, 11(4), 171-193. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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AMA Style

Gouban Hamadjida, Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem, Jean Pierre Temga, Elisé Sababa, Primus Tamfuh Azinwi, et al. Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization. Earth Sci. 2022;11(4):171-193. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14,
  author = {Gouban Hamadjida and Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem and Jean Pierre Temga and Elisé Sababa and Primus Tamfuh Azinwi and Simon Djakba Basga and Elisabeth Yaboki and Jean Pierre Nguetnkam and Dieudonné Lucien Bitom},
  title = {Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171-193},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20221104.14},
  abstract = {Fourthy one representative profile of Northern Cameroon Vertisols on lowland and upland areas under tropical seasonally contrasted climate were investigated to assess the genesis of smectite and vertisolization processes on their geochemistry relation. Macro-micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties were determined for 137 soil samples. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the dataset and identify affinity groups of samples and properties. Dark gray color, slickensides, cracks and micro relief gilgaï are major characteristics of the soils within the abundance of the major mineral constituents: smectite, kaolinite and quartz. Silicon, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in Vertisols. Vertisols developed upland and lowland under tropical seasonally contrasted climate showed the following orders for REE concentrations: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm and Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm, respectively. The grouping of properties into affinity groups is mostly weak with properties showing a diffuse distribution with no very distinct affinity groups. In the upland Vertisols, genesis of the smestites is made from the feldspars present in the parent rock; meanwhile, high smectite content was related to the low landscape positions, a strongly contrasted climate and the presence of a clay-rich alluvial parent material in lowland Vertisols. Climates with contrasting seasons, there is intense weathering during the wet season. The released ions are concentrated in the dry season and give smectite. This concentration can take place on site on basic or acid crystal rocks, or in the low points of the landscape.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pedo-geochemistry of Vertisols Under Tropical Seasonally Contrasted Climate, Northern Cameroon: Implications for Vertisolization
AU  - Gouban Hamadjida
AU  - Lionelle Estelle Bitom-Mamdem
AU  - Jean Pierre Temga
AU  - Elisé Sababa
AU  - Primus Tamfuh Azinwi
AU  - Simon Djakba Basga
AU  - Elisabeth Yaboki
AU  - Jean Pierre Nguetnkam
AU  - Dieudonné Lucien Bitom
Y1  - 2022/07/22
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 171
EP  - 193
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221104.14
AB  - Fourthy one representative profile of Northern Cameroon Vertisols on lowland and upland areas under tropical seasonally contrasted climate were investigated to assess the genesis of smectite and vertisolization processes on their geochemistry relation. Macro-micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties were determined for 137 soil samples. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the dataset and identify affinity groups of samples and properties. Dark gray color, slickensides, cracks and micro relief gilgaï are major characteristics of the soils within the abundance of the major mineral constituents: smectite, kaolinite and quartz. Silicon, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in Vertisols. Vertisols developed upland and lowland under tropical seasonally contrasted climate showed the following orders for REE concentrations: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm and Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Yb > Er > Eu > Ho > Tb > Lu > Tm, respectively. The grouping of properties into affinity groups is mostly weak with properties showing a diffuse distribution with no very distinct affinity groups. In the upland Vertisols, genesis of the smestites is made from the feldspars present in the parent rock; meanwhile, high smectite content was related to the low landscape positions, a strongly contrasted climate and the presence of a clay-rich alluvial parent material in lowland Vertisols. Climates with contrasting seasons, there is intense weathering during the wet season. The released ions are concentrated in the dry season and give smectite. This concentration can take place on site on basic or acid crystal rocks, or in the low points of the landscape.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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