Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya

Vincent Ogembo; Gavin Akinyi Mohamed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya

Vincent Ogembo, Gavin Akinyi Mohamed

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 22 May 2023 Accepted: 9 June 2023 Published: 11 July 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The study was aimed at measuring the in situ spectral reflectance of Lake Victoria fresh water which contains algal blooms and different suspended solids. Reflectance spectra of wavelengths 340-1,018 nm were collected from Lake Victoria fresh water using a portable spectroradiometer. The data was collected on a cloud free day between 0912 to 1022 hours. Sunlight was used as a source of illumination while dark surface was applied as control to obtain a near-normal angle of observation at a Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on 27^th October 2022. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used in analyzing the satellite images of Lake Victoria, Winam Gulf with NDCI index technique which provides an estimation of the chlorophyll-a concentration. The averaged spectrum of the Lake Victoria water showed reflectance maxima from 580-710 nm and reflectance minima near 430 nm and above 740 nm wavelengths. This study showed that the higher the NDCI value, the higher the concentration of chlorophyll-a, the more sever the algal bloom. On average, the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high at 33-50mg/m³ and highest values recorded between January and February of every year due to high temperatures during the dry season. The Winum Gulf of Lake Victoria is characterized by increasing eutrophication arising from increased anthropogenic activities on the shores of the lake. Major factors contributing to the increased eutrophication include Urban sprawl, industrial loads and agricultural activities. The study, therefore, presents the algal bloom situation and spectral reflectance of the lake under the influence of human activities surrounding Lake Victoria.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12
Page(s)	90-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spectral Reflectance, NDCI, Chlorophyll-a, Lake Victoria Winum Gulf, Google Earth Engine

References

[1]	Schwab D. J, Leshkevich G. A. and Muhr G. 1992. Satellite Measurements of Surface Water Temperature in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 18 (2): 247-258.
[2]	Hudson, S. J., Moore, G. F., Bale, A. J., Dyer, K. R. And Aitken, J., 1994, An operational approach to determining suspended sediment distributions in the Humber estuary by airborne multi-spectral imagery. Proceedings of the First Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, Strasbourg, France, 11–15 September 1994.
[3]	Odermatt, D., Giardino, C. and Heege, T., 2010. Chlorophyll retrieval with MERIS Case-2-Regional in perialpine lakes. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 607–617.
[4]	Stefouli, M. and Charou, E., 2012. Ohrid Lake Monitoring using Meris and Landsat Images. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Water, Climate and Environment. 28th May – 2nd June, 2012, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia.
[5]	Cavalli, R., M. Laneve, G., Fusilli, L., Pignatti, S. and Santini, F., 2009. Remote sensing water observation for supporting Lake Victoria weed management. Journal of Environmental Management 90: 2199–2211.
[6]	Chavula G., Sungani H. and Gondwe, K. 2012. Mapping Potential Fishing Grounds in Lake Malawi Using AVHRR and MODIS Satellite Imagery, International Journal of Geosciences, 2012, 3, 650-658 doi: 10.4236/ijg.2012.33065.
[7]	Garmo, P. and Radius A., 2012. Improvement of vessel detection by Satellite Rader Imagery. The Growing Use of GMES across Europe’s Regions. NEREUS publication, October 2012.
[8]	Song, K., Li, L., Wang, Z., Liu, D., Zhang, B., Xu, J., Du, J., Li, L., Li, S., Wang, Y., 2012. Retrieval of total suspended matter (TSM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration from remote-sensing data for drinking water resources. Environmental monitoring and assessment 184, 1449–1470.
[9]	Liu Y, Islam MA, Gao J (2003) Quantification of shallow water quality parameters by means of remote sensing. Prog Phys Geogr 27: 24–43. doi: 10.1191/0309133303pp357ra.
[10]	Yacobi YZ, Moses WJ, Kaganovsky S et al (2011) NIR-red reflectance-based algorithms for chlorophyll-a estimation in mesotrophic inland and coastal waters: lake Kinneret case study. Water Res 45: 2428–2436. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.002.
[11]	Gitelson, A., Garbuzov, G., Szila´ Gyi, F., Mittenzwey, K.-H., Karnieli, A. And Kaiser, A., 1993, Qualitative remote sensing methods for real-time monitoring of inland waters quality. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, pp. 1269–1295.
[12]	Dekker, A. G. And Peters, S. W. M., 1993, The use of the Thematic Mapper for the analysis of eutrophic lakes: a case study in the Netherlands. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, pp. 799–821.
[13]	Moses WJ, Gitelson AA, Berdnikov S et al (2012) Operational MERIS-based NIR-red algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a concentrations in coastal waters—the Azov Seacase study. Remote Sens Environ 121: 118–124. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.024.
[14]	Kennedy, R. E., Yang, Z., Gorelick, N., Braaten, J., Cavalcante, L., Cohen, W. B., Healey, S., 2018. Implementation of the LandTrendr algorithm on google earth engine. Remote Sens. 10, 691.
[15]	Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., Moore, R., 2017. Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sens. Environ. 202, 18–27.
[16]	Tamiminia, Haifa & Salehi, Bahram & Mahdianpari, Masoud & Quackenbush, Lindi & Adeli, Sarina & Brisco, B.. (2020). Google Earth Engine for geo-big data applications: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.04.001.
[17]	Juma, Dauglas & Wang, Hongtao & Fengting, Li. (2014). Impacts of population growth and economic development on water quality of a lake: Case study of Lake Victoria Kenya water. Environmental science and pollution research international. 21. 10.1007/s11356-014-2524-5.
[18]	Zhou, F., Tang, Q., Guimberteau, M., Ciais, P., & Dai, C. (2014). Quantifying the unauthorized lake water withdrawals and their impacts on the water budget of eutrophic lake Dianchi, China. Journal of hydrology, 565, 39-48.
[19]	Muyodi, Fredrick & Bugenyi, Fredrick & Hecky, Robert. (2010). Experiences and lessons learned from interventions in the Lake Victoria Basin: The Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management. 15. 77 - 88. 10.1111/j.1440-1770.2010.00425.x.
[20]	LVFO, 2009a: Technical report of the stock assessment working group. − Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan, Lake Victoria Fisheries organisation, Jinja, Uganda, 20 pp.
[21]	Ochieng, O. E., Kevin, O. B. I. E. R. O., & Mbonge, M. J. (2013). Lake Victoria and the common property debate: Is the tragedy of the commons a threat to its future?
[22]	Mishra, S. and Mishra, D. R. (2012) Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index: A Novel Model for Remote Estimation of Chlorophyll—A Concentration in Turbid Productive Waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 117, 394-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.016
[23]	O'Donnell, D. M., Effler, S. W., Perkins, M. G., Strait, C. M., Lee, Z., Greb, S., 2013. Resolution of optical gradients and pursuit of optical closure for Green Bay, Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 39 (S1), 161–172 (this issue).
[24]	Lee, Z., Ahn, Y. H., Mobley, C., Arnone, R., 2010. Removal of surface-reflected light for the measurement of remote-sensing reflectance from an above-surface platform. Opt. Express 18, 26313–26324.
[25]	Bhatti AM, Rundquist D, Schalles J et al (2009) A comparison between above-water surface and subsurface spectral reflectances collected over inland waters. Geocarto Int 24: 133–141. doi: 10.1080/10106040802460707.
[26]	Wetzel, R., G. 2001. Lake and River Ecosystems. Limnology. 3rd edition. Academic Press.
[27]	Tusseau-Vuillemin, M. H. 2001. Do food processing industries contribute to the Eutrophication of aquatic systems? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50 (2): 143-52.
[28]	O'Reilly, C. M., Alin, S. R., Plisnier, P. -D., Cohen, A., & McKee, B. A. (2003). Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Nature, 424, 766−768.
[29]	Muhoza S., Sinyenza, S., Makasa D., Lukwessa L., Zulu C. I., Phiri, H. (2006). Climate variability as recorded in Lake Tanganyika (Climlake): Final report. Belgian Science Policy. 119 pp.
[30]	Verburg, P., Hecky, R. E., & Kling, H. J. (2006). Climate warming decreased primary productivity in Lake Tanganyika, inferred from accumulation of dissolved silica and increased transparency. Verh. Internat.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Vincent Ogembo, Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. (2023). Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sciences, 12(4), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Vincent Ogembo; Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(4), 90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Vincent Ogembo, Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sci. 2023;12(4):90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12,
  author = {Vincent Ogembo and Gavin Akinyi Mohamed},
  title = {Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231204.12},
  abstract = {The study was aimed at measuring the in situ spectral reflectance of Lake Victoria fresh water which contains algal blooms and different suspended solids. Reflectance spectra of wavelengths 340-1,018 nm were collected from Lake Victoria fresh water using a portable spectroradiometer. The data was collected on a cloud free day between 0912 to 1022 hours. Sunlight was used as a source of illumination while dark surface was applied as control to obtain a near-normal angle of observation at a Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on 27th October 2022. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used in analyzing the satellite images of Lake Victoria, Winam Gulf with NDCI index technique which provides an estimation of the chlorophyll-a concentration. The averaged spectrum of the Lake Victoria water showed reflectance maxima from 580-710 nm and reflectance minima near 430 nm and above 740 nm wavelengths. This study showed that the higher the NDCI value, the higher the concentration of chlorophyll-a, the more sever the algal bloom. On average, the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high at 33-50mg/m3 and highest values recorded between January and February of every year due to high temperatures during the dry season. The Winum Gulf of Lake Victoria is characterized by increasing eutrophication arising from increased anthropogenic activities on the shores of the lake. Major factors contributing to the increased eutrophication include Urban sprawl, industrial loads and agricultural activities. The study, therefore, presents the algal bloom situation and spectral reflectance of the lake under the influence of human activities surrounding Lake Victoria.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya
AU - Vincent Ogembo
AU - Gavin Akinyi Mohamed
Y1 - 2023/07/11
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12
DO - 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12
T2 - Earth Sciences
JF - Earth Sciences
JO - Earth Sciences
SP - 90
EP - 98
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12
AB - The study was aimed at measuring the in situ spectral reflectance of Lake Victoria fresh water which contains algal blooms and different suspended solids. Reflectance spectra of wavelengths 340-1,018 nm were collected from Lake Victoria fresh water using a portable spectroradiometer. The data was collected on a cloud free day between 0912 to 1022 hours. Sunlight was used as a source of illumination while dark surface was applied as control to obtain a near-normal angle of observation at a Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on 27th October 2022. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used in analyzing the satellite images of Lake Victoria, Winam Gulf with NDCI index technique which provides an estimation of the chlorophyll-a concentration. The averaged spectrum of the Lake Victoria water showed reflectance maxima from 580-710 nm and reflectance minima near 430 nm and above 740 nm wavelengths. This study showed that the higher the NDCI value, the higher the concentration of chlorophyll-a, the more sever the algal bloom. On average, the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high at 33-50mg/m3 and highest values recorded between January and February of every year due to high temperatures during the dry season. The Winum Gulf of Lake Victoria is characterized by increasing eutrophication arising from increased anthropogenic activities on the shores of the lake. Major factors contributing to the increased eutrophication include Urban sprawl, industrial loads and agricultural activities. The study, therefore, presents the algal bloom situation and spectral reflectance of the lake under the influence of human activities surrounding Lake Victoria.
VL - 12
IS - 4
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Vincent Ogembo

School of Spatial Planning and Natural Resource Management, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
Gavin Akinyi Mohamed

Department of Survey and Earth Sciences, Ramogi Institute of Advanced Technology, Kisumu, Kenya

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Vincent Ogembo, Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. (2023). Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sciences, 12(4), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Vincent Ogembo; Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(4), 90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Vincent Ogembo, Gavin Akinyi Mohamed. Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya. Earth Sci. 2023;12(4):90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12,
  author = {Vincent Ogembo and Gavin Akinyi Mohamed},
  title = {Spectral Reflectance and Algal Bloom Monitoring of Lake Victoria Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Winum Gulf of Kenya},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231204.12},
  abstract = {The study was aimed at measuring the in situ spectral reflectance of Lake Victoria fresh water which contains algal blooms and different suspended solids. Reflectance spectra of wavelengths 340-1,018 nm were collected from Lake Victoria fresh water using a portable spectroradiometer. The data was collected on a cloud free day between 0912 to 1022 hours. Sunlight was used as a source of illumination while dark surface was applied as control to obtain a near-normal angle of observation at a Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on 27th October 2022. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used in analyzing the satellite images of Lake Victoria, Winam Gulf with NDCI index technique which provides an estimation of the chlorophyll-a concentration. The averaged spectrum of the Lake Victoria water showed reflectance maxima from 580-710 nm and reflectance minima near 430 nm and above 740 nm wavelengths. This study showed that the higher the NDCI value, the higher the concentration of chlorophyll-a, the more sever the algal bloom. On average, the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high at 33-50mg/m3 and highest values recorded between January and February of every year due to high temperatures during the dry season. The Winum Gulf of Lake Victoria is characterized by increasing eutrophication arising from increased anthropogenic activities on the shores of the lake. Major factors contributing to the increased eutrophication include Urban sprawl, industrial loads and agricultural activities. The study, therefore, presents the algal bloom situation and spectral reflectance of the lake under the influence of human activities surrounding Lake Victoria.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download