Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra

Sule Ayannor Issaka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra

Sule Ayannor Issaka

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 10 May 2023 Accepted: 29 May 2023 Published: 31 July 2023

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Abstract

For the past seven decades, researchers of natural environmental hazards have been trying to find answers to fundamental questions answers to which will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics, impacts, and responses to hazards. This has led to the development of five fundamental principles of natural hazards as discussed in the literature. Research on the fundamental principles of natural environmental hazards is far from being described as rudimentary with a vast amount of literature to warrant this claim. However, the so-called principles of natural hazards are being discussed in the literature in isolation, without relating them to a particular hazard to facilitate a practical understanding and applicability and this is the gap in the knowledge that this paper seeks to fill. This paper applies the five fundamental principles of natural hazards to help explain tsunamis based on the review of relevant and related literature. The analysis of the findings of the different works in this area shows that all the fundamental principles of natural hazards are applicable in the explanation of the causes, characteristics, impacts, and reducing vulnerability to not only tsunamis but also other related hazards such as earthquakes and floods. These findings highlight the relevance of the use of scientific methods in studying natural hazards as it facilitates a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of natural environmental hazards which will aid in reducing vulnerability to and the impacts of such hazards.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
Page(s)	111-115
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Natural Hazards, Fundamental Principles, Tsunamis, Sumatra, Impacts

References

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APA Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. (2023). Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sciences, 12(4), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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ACS Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(4), 111-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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AMA Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sci. 2023;12(4):111-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14,
  author = {Sule Ayannor Issaka},
  title = {Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {111-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231204.14},
  abstract = {For the past seven decades, researchers of natural environmental hazards have been trying to find answers to fundamental questions answers to which will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics, impacts, and responses to hazards. This has led to the development of five fundamental principles of natural hazards as discussed in the literature. Research on the fundamental principles of natural environmental hazards is far from being described as rudimentary with a vast amount of literature to warrant this claim. However, the so-called principles of natural hazards are being discussed in the literature in isolation, without relating them to a particular hazard to facilitate a practical understanding and applicability and this is the gap in the knowledge that this paper seeks to fill. This paper applies the five fundamental principles of natural hazards to help explain tsunamis based on the review of relevant and related literature. The analysis of the findings of the different works in this area shows that all the fundamental principles of natural hazards are applicable in the explanation of the causes, characteristics, impacts, and reducing vulnerability to not only tsunamis but also other related hazards such as earthquakes and floods. These findings highlight the relevance of the use of scientific methods in studying natural hazards as it facilitates a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of natural environmental hazards which will aid in reducing vulnerability to and the impacts of such hazards.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra
AU  - Sule Ayannor Issaka
Y1  - 2023/07/31
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 111
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
AB  - For the past seven decades, researchers of natural environmental hazards have been trying to find answers to fundamental questions answers to which will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics, impacts, and responses to hazards. This has led to the development of five fundamental principles of natural hazards as discussed in the literature. Research on the fundamental principles of natural environmental hazards is far from being described as rudimentary with a vast amount of literature to warrant this claim. However, the so-called principles of natural hazards are being discussed in the literature in isolation, without relating them to a particular hazard to facilitate a practical understanding and applicability and this is the gap in the knowledge that this paper seeks to fill. This paper applies the five fundamental principles of natural hazards to help explain tsunamis based on the review of relevant and related literature. The analysis of the findings of the different works in this area shows that all the fundamental principles of natural hazards are applicable in the explanation of the causes, characteristics, impacts, and reducing vulnerability to not only tsunamis but also other related hazards such as earthquakes and floods. These findings highlight the relevance of the use of scientific methods in studying natural hazards as it facilitates a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of natural environmental hazards which will aid in reducing vulnerability to and the impacts of such hazards.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Sule Ayannor Issaka

Institute of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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APA Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. (2023). Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sciences, 12(4), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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ACS Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(4), 111-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

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AMA Style

Sule Ayannor Issaka. Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra. Earth Sci. 2023;12(4):111-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14,
  author = {Sule Ayannor Issaka},
  title = {Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {111-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231204.14},
  abstract = {For the past seven decades, researchers of natural environmental hazards have been trying to find answers to fundamental questions answers to which will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics, impacts, and responses to hazards. This has led to the development of five fundamental principles of natural hazards as discussed in the literature. Research on the fundamental principles of natural environmental hazards is far from being described as rudimentary with a vast amount of literature to warrant this claim. However, the so-called principles of natural hazards are being discussed in the literature in isolation, without relating them to a particular hazard to facilitate a practical understanding and applicability and this is the gap in the knowledge that this paper seeks to fill. This paper applies the five fundamental principles of natural hazards to help explain tsunamis based on the review of relevant and related literature. The analysis of the findings of the different works in this area shows that all the fundamental principles of natural hazards are applicable in the explanation of the causes, characteristics, impacts, and reducing vulnerability to not only tsunamis but also other related hazards such as earthquakes and floods. These findings highlight the relevance of the use of scientific methods in studying natural hazards as it facilitates a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of natural environmental hazards which will aid in reducing vulnerability to and the impacts of such hazards.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Applying the Fundamental Principles of Natural Hazards to the Study of Tsunamis: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sumatra
AU  - Sule Ayannor Issaka
Y1  - 2023/07/31
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 111
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231204.14
AB  - For the past seven decades, researchers of natural environmental hazards have been trying to find answers to fundamental questions answers to which will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics, impacts, and responses to hazards. This has led to the development of five fundamental principles of natural hazards as discussed in the literature. Research on the fundamental principles of natural environmental hazards is far from being described as rudimentary with a vast amount of literature to warrant this claim. However, the so-called principles of natural hazards are being discussed in the literature in isolation, without relating them to a particular hazard to facilitate a practical understanding and applicability and this is the gap in the knowledge that this paper seeks to fill. This paper applies the five fundamental principles of natural hazards to help explain tsunamis based on the review of relevant and related literature. The analysis of the findings of the different works in this area shows that all the fundamental principles of natural hazards are applicable in the explanation of the causes, characteristics, impacts, and reducing vulnerability to not only tsunamis but also other related hazards such as earthquakes and floods. These findings highlight the relevance of the use of scientific methods in studying natural hazards as it facilitates a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of natural environmental hazards which will aid in reducing vulnerability to and the impacts of such hazards.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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