Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars

Kolemann Lutz

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

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Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars

Kolemann Lutz^*

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 13, Issue 1)

Received: 27 December 2024 Accepted: 17 January 2025 Published: 25 February 2025

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Abstract

From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O₂ combines with electron to form O₂^-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m², which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 13, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
Page(s)	11-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physics, Astrophysics, Space Science, Oxidation, Photonics, Quantum Mechanics

References

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[2]	Zuccaro, D. E., "Analysis of the Simulation of the Solar Wind," ASTM/IES/AIAA Space Simulation Conference, 14-16 Sept 1970.
[3]	Siegel, E. (2022, October 12). The Sun’s energy doesn’t come from fusing hydrogen into helium (mostly). Forbes.
[4]	Bommier, Véronique. (2020). Solar photosphere magnetization. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 634. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935244
[5]	Lutz, 2024. Absorption and Emission Spectra Correlated with Ejected Quasi-Electrons, March 2024, ResearchGate
[6]	Jiang, S. Y., et al (2018). Negative Air Ions and Their Effects on Human Health and Air Quality Improvement. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(10), 2966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102966
[7]	Lutz, et al, 2024. Electromagnetic Fields to Sustain Life on Earth and Beyond, 72nd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) At: Dubai, October 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356474843_Electromagnetic_Fields_to_Sustain_Life_on_Earth_in_Space_and_Planets
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[9]	Goto, et al. Property changes in materials due to atomic oxygen in the low Earth orbit. CEAS Space J 13, 415–432 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-021-00376-2
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[11]	Rowe, Leonard, Effect of Sunlight On the Corrosion of Steel. Journal of Corrosion (1961) 17(6): 267t–268t. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-17.6.93
[12]	Heiskanen, V., Pfiffner, M., & Partonen, T. (2020). Sunlight and health: shifting the focus from vitamin D3 to photobiomodulation by red and near-infrared light. Ageing research reviews, 61, 101089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101089
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[15]	Schofield JT, Taylor FW. Net global thermal emission from the Venusian atmosphere. Icarus. 1982; 52(2): 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035(82)90111-7
[16]	PAS Rochester. (n.d.). Starlight and Blackbodies. Radiation Laws.
[17]	Yuan, Daocheng & Liu, Qian. (2021). Photon energy and photon behavior discussions. Energy Reports. 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.11.034
[18]	Lutz, 2024. "Planetary and Solar Electromagnetic Lensing (SEL), Geometry, Astrophysics for Exoplanet Imaging," AIAA 2024-4925. AIAA ASCEND 2024. July 2024. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4925
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[20]	CODATA 2022 value for Compton wavelength for the electron from NIST. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ecomwl

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APA Style

Lutz, K. (2025). Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 13(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

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ACS Style

Lutz, K. Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2025, 13(1), 11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

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AMA Style

Lutz K. Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2025;13(1):11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12,
  author = {Kolemann Lutz},
  title = {Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars
},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20251301.12},
  abstract = {From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O2 combines with electron to form O2-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m2, which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars

AU  - Kolemann Lutz
Y1  - 2025/02/25
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
AB  - From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O2 combines with electron to form O2-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m2, which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Kolemann Lutz

Earth and Planetary Science Department, Multiplanet University, Washington DC, United States

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-1728

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APA Style

Lutz, K. (2025). Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 13(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Lutz, K. Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2025, 13(1), 11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Lutz K. Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2025;13(1):11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12,
  author = {Kolemann Lutz},
  title = {Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars
},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20251301.12},
  abstract = {From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O2 combines with electron to form O2-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m2, which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars

AU  - Kolemann Lutz
Y1  - 2025/02/25
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20251301.12
AB  - From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O2 combines with electron to form O2-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m2, which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download