Research Article
Modeling the Thermodynamics of Neutron Stars: Insights from Statistical Mechanics
Diriba Gonfa Tolasa*
,
Adugna Terecha Furi
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-10
Received:
25 December 2024
Accepted:
16 January 2025
Published:
11 February 2025
Abstract: This paper explores the thermodynamic properties of neutron stars through the lens of statistical mechanics. Neutron stars, the remnants of massive stellar explosions, exhibit extreme physical conditions that challenge our understanding of matter under such densities. This paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of neutron stars using statistical mechanics as a framework. A comprehensive literature review, is conducted highlighting key findings from previous studies on the equation of state and thermal behavior of neutron stars. The methodology employed integrates both numerical simulations and analytical approaches to model the thermodynamic states of neutron stars, taking into account various parameters such as density, temperature, and pressure. Advanced numerical techniques, including finite difference methods and Monte Carlo simulations, alongside analytical derivations to provide a robust understanding of the underlying physics. Results from analysis reveal significant correlations between density and pressure, as well as the impact of temperature on specific heat capacity. These findings are illustrated through several plots and tables, showcasing the relationships between key thermodynamic variables. The discussion section elaborates on the implications of our results for the stability and cooling mechanisms of neutron stars, emphasizing how our insights contribute to the broader field of astrophysics. This work not only enhances our understanding of neutron star thermodynamics but also sets the stage for future research into the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. We introduce a novel methodology for modeling the equations of state (EoS) that govern neutron stars, enhancing our understanding of their stability and structure under extreme conditions. Utilizing numerical simulations, are analyze the relationships between pressure, density, temperature, and energy density. The results are significant for developing astrophysical models that elucidate neutron star formation and evolution.
Abstract: This paper explores the thermodynamic properties of neutron stars through the lens of statistical mechanics. Neutron stars, the remnants of massive stellar explosions, exhibit extreme physical conditions that challenge our understanding of matter under such densities. This paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of neutron stars using stati...
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Research Article
Sunlight Photons Made of Electrons from Stars
Kolemann Lutz*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
11-20
Received:
27 December 2024
Accepted:
17 January 2025
Published:
25 February 2025
Abstract: From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric fields, and negative air ions (NAIs), when O2 combines with electron to form O2-. Earth's electrical field is around 100-300 V/metre which further suggests charge is due to light photons or electrons. Electron kinetic and ionization energies of both electrons (e-) and photons are analyzed. A photon electron radiation flux analysis across each planetary body also quantifies photons/m2, which helps to advance systems and models in orbit and at surface of planets. After first discovery of photons as electrons from Kole Lutz in 2024, research helps to quantify electron interactions, absorption/emission to improve weather climate models, photosynthesis, power systems (PV Cells, detectors, etc.), corrosion redox reactions, and materials across a variety of fields from energy, communication to biology and space systems. Research holds potential to increase instrument sensitivity for Earth and planetary science, physics, lasers, communication, and to characterize absorption spectra, and light flux from stars.
Abstract: From the 1900s to 2020s, humans believed photons were massless particles. However, solar wind is made of ionized particles such as hydrogen and helium stripped of electrons. This study is one of the first to identify photons as electrons based on analysis with photosynthesis, oxidation reduction reactions, ionization energy, vertical electric field...
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