Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams

Ubah Simon Azubuike; Ogwu David; Rekwot Peter Ibrahim; Rwuaan Joseph Sankey; Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika; Sambo Sohnap James

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams

Ubah Simon Azubuike, Ogwu David, Rekwot Peter Ibrahim, Rwuaan Joseph Sankey, Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, Sambo Sohnap James

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 5 October 2016 Accepted: 29 October 2016 Published: 29 December 2016

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Abstract

An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.

Published in	International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16
Page(s)	43-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thyroid, Pathology, Cypermethrin, Reproduction, Rams

References

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[2]	Inchem. (1989a). Joint meeting of the FAO Panels of experts on pesticide residues Rome; and the environmental and the WHO expert group on pesticide residues Rome; http//www.inchem.org.Accessed 8/3/2010.
[3]	Inchem. (1989b). IPCS: International programme on chemical safety: Health and Safety guide No. 22, a companion volume to environmental health criteria 82: Cypermethrin. World Health Organization for the international programme on chemical safety. http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg022.html.accessed8/3/2010.
[4]	Rita, F. (1996). Cypermethrin (PIM 163). IPCS Inchem. London Poison Unit. http://www.inchem.org/documents/plms/chemical/plm163.html. Accessed 10/28/2011.
[5]	Woolen, B. H., Marsh, J. R., Laird, W. S. D and Lesser, J. E. (1992). The metabolism of Cypermethrin in man: Differences in urinary metabolite profiles following oral and dermal administration. Xenobiotica, 22(8): 983-991.
[6]	WHO. (1989b). Cypermethrin environmental health criteria 82. Geneva Switzerland; United Nations Environment Programme, International Labor organization and WHO. Health and Safety Guide No 22. http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg022.htm. Accessed 8/3/2010.
[7]	Igono, M., Molokwu, E. C. I and Aliu, Y. O. (1982). Body temperature responses of Savanah Brown goats to hamattan and hot-dry seasons. International Journal ofBiometeorology, 26: 225–230.
[8]	Ubah, S. A., Ogwu, D., Rekwot, P. I., Rwuaan, J. S and Chibuogwu, I. C (2016). Gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams treated with Cypermethrin. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences 4(2) pp16-20.
[9]	Canadian Council on Animal Care Guide (CACC). http://www.ccac.ca/Documents/Standards/Guidlines/Experimental_Animals_Voll.pdf (second ed.) 1993. Accessed 04.11.2015, 10pm.
[10]	Harper, J. W. and Maser, J. D. (1975). A macroscopic study of the brain of bison,theAmerican plain buffalo. Anatomical Record, 18:187-202.
[11]	Daniel, W. W. (1991). Analysis of variance. In: Daniel, W. W. (Ed), Biostatistic: AFoundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. Pp. 74-320.
[12]	Caroline, C. (1996). Insecticide fact sheet. Journal of Pesticide Reform/Summer Vol. 16, No 2. Pp. 1-20.
[13]	Wolansky, M. J and Harrill, J. A. (2007). Neurobehavioral toxicology of pyrethroidinsecticide in adult animals: A critical review. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 89: 271-277.
[14]	Delman, H and Brown, E. M. (1976). Textbook of Veterinary Histology. Lea and Febiger. Pp. 290-317, 376-387.
[15]	Timothy, J. P. (2009). Normal reproduction in male animals. In: David, E. N., Timothy, J. P and Garry, C. W (Ed). Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics 9th Ed. Saunders Elsevier. Pp. 681-759.
[16]	Jalal, S., Ramin, H and Roohollah, T. Z. (2010). Effect of Cypermethrin on sexual behaviour and plasma concentrations of pituitary gonadal hormones. InternationalJournal of Fertility and Sterility Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 23-28.

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Ubah Simon Azubuike, Ogwu David, Rekwot Peter Ibrahim, Rwuaan Joseph Sankey, Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. (2016). Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 4(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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Ubah Simon Azubuike; Ogwu David; Rekwot Peter Ibrahim; Rwuaan Joseph Sankey; Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. Int. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2016, 4(3), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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Ubah Simon Azubuike, Ogwu David, Rekwot Peter Ibrahim, Rwuaan Joseph Sankey, Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. Int J Biomed Mater Res. 2016;4(3):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16,
  author = {Ubah Simon Azubuike and Ogwu David and Rekwot Peter Ibrahim and Rwuaan Joseph Sankey and Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika and Sambo Sohnap James},
  title = {Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  abstract = {An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams
AU - Ubah Simon Azubuike
AU - Ogwu David
AU - Rekwot Peter Ibrahim
AU - Rwuaan Joseph Sankey
AU - Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika
AU - Sambo Sohnap James
Y1 - 2016/12/29
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16
T2 - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JF - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JO - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
SP - 43
EP - 48
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-7579
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16
AB - An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.
VL - 4
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Ubah Simon Azubuike

Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Ogwu David

Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Rekwot Peter Ibrahim

Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Rwuaan Joseph Sankey

Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika

Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Sambo Sohnap James

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria

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Ubah Simon Azubuike, Ogwu David, Rekwot Peter Ibrahim, Rwuaan Joseph Sankey, Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. (2016). Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 4(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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ACS Style

Ubah Simon Azubuike; Ogwu David; Rekwot Peter Ibrahim; Rwuaan Joseph Sankey; Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. Int. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2016, 4(3), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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AMA Style

Ubah Simon Azubuike, Ogwu David, Rekwot Peter Ibrahim, Rwuaan Joseph Sankey, Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika, et al. Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams. Int J Biomed Mater Res. 2016;4(3):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16,
  author = {Ubah Simon Azubuike and Ogwu David and Rekwot Peter Ibrahim and Rwuaan Joseph Sankey and Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika and Sambo Sohnap James},
  title = {Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbmr.20160403.16},
  abstract = {An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.},
 year = {2016}
}

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