-
Antimicrobial Activity of Donkey Milk against Dermatomycotic Fungi and Foodborne Bacteria
Mostafa Koutb,
Manal Khider,
Esam H. Ali,
Nemmat A. Hussein
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
11-17
Received:
2 October 2016
Accepted:
11 October 2016
Published:
3 November 2016
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of donkey milk was examined against 3 bacterial and 3 fungal strains selected on the basis of their relevance as human pathogens. All samples of donkey milk exhibited antimicrobial activity against dermatomycotic fungi and foodborne pathogen bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum with minimal lethal concentration of 32 mg/ml. In respect to foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Gram- positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) were more sensitive to donkey milk than Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) with minimal lethal concentrations of 32, 64 and 128 mg/ml respectively. Donkey milk kept about 60 to 62% of its antimicrobial activity against B. cereus and S. aurous respectively, after digestion with pepsin (2 mg/ml), suggesting that the fatty acids of donkey milk has the highest antimicrobial effect. While the antimicrobial activity against dermatomycotic fungi and Gram-negative bacteria not affected after digestion with pepsin. To explain the antifungal capability of donkey milk against dermatomycotic fungi, fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fatty acids analysis indicated that the major constituents in donkey milk lipid are oleic (25.4%), palmitic (23.75%), linolenic (20.04%), arachidic (3.58%) and stearic (3.26%), which have antimicrobial activity. Finally, on the basis of results obtained in the current study, the antimicrobial activity of donkey milk against Staphylococcus aureus and dermatomycotic fungi, specially T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum which frequently cause acute or chronic inflammatory tinea corporis; may be considered as a valuable natural product with novel functional protection properties in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of donkey milk was examined against 3 bacterial and 3 fungal strains selected on the basis of their relevance as human pathogens. All samples of donkey milk exhibited antimicrobial activity against dermatomycotic fungi and foodborne pathogen bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded against Trichophyton me...
Show More
-
Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion\Deletion Polymorphism and Coronary Heart Disease in Gaza Strip
Lamia'a Sobhi. Saqer,
Haneen Ahmad. Khammash,
Eman Loai. Shurrab,
Mariam Nahed. Aabed,
Rana Afif. El-Malakh
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
18-26
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
17 October 2016
Published:
10 November 2016
Abstract: The insertion\ deletion (ID) polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene is a marker for a functional polymorphism, and it is also reported to influence levels of ACE in healthy subjects. ACE ID polymorphism is associated with an elevated risk of thrombosis and may be causally associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). To investigate the association between ACE gene polymorphism and CHD in the Gaza strip population, we conducted case-control study included 260 samples comprised 160 CHD patients and 100 control subjects. Questionnaire interview was applied. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tube for DNA extraction. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) used to detect ACE ID polymorphism. There was significant association between CHD and age, physical activity, education level, occupation, and family history of CHD. No significant association was observed between CHD and gender and smoking. The genotype frequencies were: ID (36.9%, 42%), DD (53.8%, 54%) and II (9.4%, 4%) in case and control groups respectively. The ACE ID allele frequencies were: I (27%, 25%) and D (72.2%, 75%) in case and control group respectively. The D allele was the most frequent allele in both groups. No association between ACE ID polymorphism and gender. The DD genotype was the most frequent in both study groups. There was no statistically significant association between the ACE ID polymorphism and CHD in Gaza strip. The results showed that there was no significant association between the ACE ID gene polymorphism and CHD in Gaza strip.
Abstract: The insertion\ deletion (ID) polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene is a marker for a functional polymorphism, and it is also reported to influence levels of ACE in healthy subjects. ACE ID polymorphism is associated with an elevated risk of thrombosis and may be causally associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). To investigate the associati...
Show More
-
Case Report Diagnosing of Imperforate Hymen by Ultrasound
Ala Mohammed Abd Elgyoum,
Elrashed Abd Elrahim Mohammed,
Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
27-30
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
4 November 2016
Published:
29 November 2016
Abstract: An imperforate hymen is a congenital disorder where a hymen without an opening completely obstructs the vagina. A16 year old, female, single with cyclic, lower abdominal pain, palpable supra-pubic mass and primary amenorrhea. Ultrasound show; well-defined echogenic fluid collection posterior to the urinary bladder, fluid with internal echoes in the uterine cavity the final diagnosis hematometrocolpos due to imperforate hymen.
Abstract: An imperforate hymen is a congenital disorder where a hymen without an opening completely obstructs the vagina. A16 year old, female, single with cyclic, lower abdominal pain, palpable supra-pubic mass and primary amenorrhea. Ultrasound show; well-defined echogenic fluid collection posterior to the urinary bladder, fluid with internal echoes in the...
Show More
-
Diagnosis of Meckel Gruber Syndrome Ultrasound Scan
Ala Mohammed Abd Elgyoum,
Elrashed Abd Elrahim Mohammed,
Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
31-34
Received:
27 September 2016
Accepted:
31 October 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: Meckel syndrome is a rare lethal ciliopathic genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations, polydactyly, hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios. 34 years old, neither diabetic nor hypertensive, she is gravida III, para I, came for first ultrasound scan with amenorrhea for four months. The ultrasound scan shows single viable fetus, gestational age was 19 weeks + 5 days, with enlarged highly echogenic kidneys.
Abstract: Meckel syndrome is a rare lethal ciliopathic genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations, polydactyly, hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios. 34 years old, neither diabetic nor hypertensive, she is gravida III, para I, came for first ultrasound scan with am...
Show More
-
Spine Tumor Detection Using MRI
Md. Abdullah Al Mahmud,
A. H. M. Zadidul Karim,
Farhana Akter Mou,
Shaikh Rashedur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
35-42
Received:
27 October 2016
Accepted:
9 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: Spine tumor, a severe disease, has affected and destroyed many lives. This disease has been the center of attraction of thousands of researchers for many decades, around the world. Researchers have combined their knowledge and efforts from many areas ranging from medical to mathematical sciences, to better understand the disease and to find more effective treatments. The key objective of this paper is to form a methodology for detection and extraction of spine tumor from a patient’s MRI. This method incorporates with some noise removal functions, segmentation and morphological operations which are the basic needs of image processing. Proposed methodology will detect tumor and finally the fractional area of spine tumor will be calculated. All of this processing will be done by MATLAB software.
Abstract: Spine tumor, a severe disease, has affected and destroyed many lives. This disease has been the center of attraction of thousands of researchers for many decades, around the world. Researchers have combined their knowledge and efforts from many areas ranging from medical to mathematical sciences, to better understand the disease and to find more ef...
Show More
-
Thyroid Pathology of Cypermethrin and Its Reproductive Implications in Yankasa Rams
Ubah Simon Azubuike,
Ogwu David,
Rekwot Peter Ibrahim,
Rwuaan Joseph Sankey,
Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika,
Sambo Sohnap James
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
43-48
Received:
5 October 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
29 December 2016
Abstract: An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group while B served as the control. (A) were given Cypermethrin (3%) at the dose rate of 3mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) body weight, topically as pour-on. (B)were given distilled water at the same dose rate of 0.1ml/kg body weight topically as pour-on. These treatments were repeated every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. The rams were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks and the following organs (liver, heart, kidney, brain and thyroid gland), were collected for gross and histopathology. Results showed that no gross pathologic lesions were found on the thyroid gland, theliver, brain and the kidneys of both groups. The heart of the treated group showed petechial hemorrhage. The mean weights of the following organs; liver, thyroid gland, kidneys and heart of the treated and the control groups were 400.00±0.00g and 420.00±20.0g; 2.30±0.37g and 1.50±0.31g; 70.20±9.90g and 72.60±3.70;127.51±46 and 100.00±20.00respectively. The differences in weight between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Histologic sections of the thyroid glands of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells followed by collapsing of the follicles. Histologic sections of the cardiac muscles of the treated group showed focal infiltration of lymphocytes and loss of striations (degeneration). The liver, the kidneysand thebrain (cerebrum) of both groups showed no histologic lesions. It was concluded that Cypermethrin induced thyroid and cardiac pathology in the rams. It was recommended that more investigation be done to unravel the mechanism of inducing thyroid and cardiac pathology in rams.
Abstract: An investigation into the pathological effects of Cypermethrin on the thyroid gland of Yankasa rams was carried out. Sixteen sexually-mature, healthy Yankasa rams aged 18 - 30 months and weighing between 21.5 - 46.5kg with clinically normal genitalia were used. They were divided equally into two groups (A and B). A served as the treatment group whi...
Show More
-
Adherence to Malaria Preventive Measures and Associated Factors in Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia
Koyamo Darfiro,
Berhanu Erko,
Abebe Animut,
Adugna Endale
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
49-57
Received:
28 September 2016
Accepted:
11 November 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
Abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia threatening the lives of 68% of the population. At present, long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying are the major malaria prevention and control methods in the country.This study was undertaken to assess adherence to currently available malaria preventive methods its associated factors inBadewacho District, Southern Ethiopia.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March, 2013. Systematic random sampling method was used to collect data on preventive measures from 138 households through semi-structured questionnaires administered to interviewees during home to home visit. The data was computed using a statistical soft ware SPSS version 16.0. A P-value <0.05 and 95% CI excluding 1 were considered statistically significant.The coverage and the proportion of households with one or more of their members utilizing mosquito nets in the district were 73.2% and 44.2% respectively. Net utilization of households with under-five year children was 32.1%. Dirtiness of the nets, lack of appropriate area for hanging, wearing out, and adherence to other preventive measures were mentioned as reasons for not using the nets. Only 63(45.7%) of the respondents knew that mosquitoes transmit malaria and most households sought treatment in public health facilities.Utilization of mosquito net was significantly associated with previous treatment for malaria in government health institutions and knowledge about malaria prevention methods.Coverage and utilization of the major malaria preventive measures was low in theBadewacho District, Southern Ethiopia. This indicates the necessity of health education to increase the community awareness in utilization of available malaria preventive measures to reduce the disease burden.
Abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia threatening the lives of 68% of the population. At present, long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying are the major malaria prevention and control methods in the country.This study was undertaken to assess adherence to currently available malaria preventive methods its asso...
Show More
-
Beta-Lactamase Production Among Uropathogens in Patients Attending Some Hospitals in Kano, Nigeria
Hamza Sule,
Abdulhadi Sale Kumurya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
58-62
Received:
19 August 2016
Accepted:
2 December 2016
Published:
4 January 2017
Abstract: Ability of bacteria to withstand antibiotic therapy is often associated with resistance. Certain bacteria have the ability to produce some enzymes, like Beta–Lactamase, which confers resistance to some groups of antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins. The study focused on producers of these enzymes among uropathogens. A total of one hundred and forteen isolates (114) were screened, out of which seventy one 71 (62.3%) were found positive for the enzymes. Eschericia coli had the highest positivity rate 40 (56.3%). Followed by Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylociccus saprophyticcus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 15 (21.1%), 7 (10.0%), 5 (7.0%), 3 (4.2%), and 1 (1.4%) respectively. In the same vein, it was discovered that, isolates of females’ origin, produced more of the enzymes than those of their males counterpart. This was indicated by the production of the enzyme by at least one isolate in each of the species isolated from female samples while in males, some species did not even produce any of the enzymes. Age-wise distribution of the enzymes showed that, 21- 30, and 31-40 age groups had all the isolates producing the enzymes in varying frequencies. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produced its enzyme outside these age groups. Isolates of females origin had more of the enzymes produced in all the species compared to those from males, with ratios of; 26:14, 11:4, 5:2, 3:2, 2:1, and 1:0 for, E coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively.
Abstract: Ability of bacteria to withstand antibiotic therapy is often associated with resistance. Certain bacteria have the ability to produce some enzymes, like Beta–Lactamase, which confers resistance to some groups of antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins. The study focused on producers of these enzymes among uropathogens. A total of one hundre...
Show More
