Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Clove (Syzigium Aromaticum) Against Some Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Hawi Mohammed,
Fatuma Mohammed,
Preetha i Velaydhanpilla,
Nega Berhane,
Aragaw Zemene
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-23
Received:
25 November 2021
Accepted:
23 December 2021
Published:
15 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20221001.11
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Abstract: At present, the paucity of new antimicrobials coming into the market has led to the problem of antibiotic resistance fast escalating into a global health crisis. Diverse on metabolic, genetic and physiological fronts, rapid progression of resistant microbes and the lack of a strategic management plan have led researchers to consider plant-derived substances (PDS) as alternative or in complementing antibiotics against the diseases, thus the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of black seed (Nigella. sativa) and clove (Siyzigium. aromaticum) seed extracts and their synergistic action against some selected pathogenic bacteria; namely: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonell typhi and Escherichia coli clinical isolates and their standard derivatives. Ethanol, hexane, acetone and chloroform crude extracts of N. sativa and S. aromaticum were evaluated against tested pathogenic bacteria using agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory zones were recorded in millimeters. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive controls, while dimethyl sulfooxide (DMSO) was served as negative control. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts against test bacteria were assessed using agar well dilution and broth dilution method; and then Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was evaluated. The inhibition zone of all N. sativa crude extract against all clinical isolate and standard pathogenic bacteria ranged from (12-30mm). The inhibition zone of all S. aromaticum crude extract against all clinical and standard pathogenic bacteria ranged from (12-32mm). N. sativa hexane extract against E. coli (clinical isolate) exhibited the lowest inhibition zone while acetone extract against S. aureus (ATCC25923) exhibited the highest inhibition zone. S. aromaticum chloroform extract against S. aurues (clinical isolate) exhibited the lowest inhibition zone while ethanol extract against S. aureus (ATCC25923) exhibited the highest inhibition zone. The synergistic antibacterial effect of N. sativa and S. aromaticum crude extract against both clinical isolate and standard pathogenic bacteria ranged from (12-33mm). The inhibition zone of the synergistic antibacterial effect of N. sativa and S. aromaticum seed extracts against tested pathogenic bacteria was significantly (P value ranges from 0.01 to 0.03) greater than the extracts used separately. Thus, the present finding supports the traditional use of these plants in combination for treating pathogens. And also there is a need for detailed scientific study of traditional knowledge to ensure that valuable therapeutic knowledge of some plants is preserved as well as to provide scientific evidence for their efficacies. The result of phytochemical screening also showed that the plants contain trepenoids, tannin, flavonoids and saponins except acetone extract of both plants which could not show the presence of flavonoids.
Abstract: At present, the paucity of new antimicrobials coming into the market has led to the problem of antibiotic resistance fast escalating into a global health crisis. Diverse on metabolic, genetic and physiological fronts, rapid progression of resistant microbes and the lack of a strategic management plan have led researchers to consider plant-derived s...
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Assessment on the Current Status of Coffee Arabica (Coffea arabica L) Landraces Diversity in Coffee Belt Areas of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Natol Bakala,
Hika Bersisa,
Abebe Tilehun,
Zinash Misgana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
24-30
Received:
5 July 2022
Accepted:
22 July 2022
Published:
26 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20221001.12
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Abstract: Coffea arabica L. belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and the genus Coffea and its primary center of origin is Ethiopia. Coffee is an evergreen dicotyledon tree. It ranks second in global trade after petroleum as an essential commodity for beverages and as a profitable export good. The survey was carried out in three western Oromia zones: East Wollega, West Shoa, and Horoguduru Wollega. The assessment was carried out over the cropping seasons of 2020 and 2021. A total of 306 coffee farms were addressed from all zones, with 15 farms from each Woreda. Coffee landrace diversity was measured using plant height, cherry size, cherry color, and canopy habits. The landrace differences were identified using coffee phenotypic markers. As a result, coffee landraces showed genetic variation in all variables studied. In total, 38.24 percent of observations were open canopy, 46.08 percent were small cherry size, 44.12 percent were tall plant height, and 43.79 percent were. Around half of the entire landraces in the east Wollega Zone had small cherry sizes, open canopy habits, and recent had small cherry sizes, 30.37 percent had medium cheery sizes, and 21.03 percent had giant cherry sizes. The open canopy habit made up 43.46 percent of the canopy, while the intermediate and compact canopy habits made up 34.11 percent and 22.44 percent of the canopy, respectively. Most landraces in the Horoguduru Wollega Zone were modest and cheerful. More than half of the landraces tested developed tall plants with pale red cherry colors. The majority of landraces in the west Shoa Zone exhibited intermediate canopy behaviors (40 percent). More than half (60%) of the cherries sampled were medium in size and plant height. Light red made about 80percent of the cherry color. As a result of the findings, a significant quantity of genetic variation in coffee arabica was observed, leading to the recommendation of landrace collection for future breeding programs.
Abstract: Coffea arabica L. belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and the genus Coffea and its primary center of origin is Ethiopia. Coffee is an evergreen dicotyledon tree. It ranks second in global trade after petroleum as an essential commodity for beverages and as a profitable export good. The survey was carried out in three western Oromia zones: East Wollega...
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