A Review on the Status of Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: A Ten Years Trend Analysis
Gebrerufael Girmay,
Gadisa Muleta
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
31-38
Received:
8 July 2022
Accepted:
3 August 2022
Published:
9 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20221002.11
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Abstract: As Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) gave the opportunity for the penicillin discovery, it also has been challenging the health of both humans and their livestock due to its drug resistance property. In spite of the fact that fragmented studies on the apparent prevalence of S. aureus in milk and meat have been conducted in Ethiopia, a well-organized national review on this pathogen remained scarce. A review on S. aureus was conducted to overview the pooled apparent prevalence and its trend in Ethiopia in a ten-year period from 2011 to 2020. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to search for research articles published in reputable journals. Eventually, 29 research articles were selected for the analysis. Regression models and Odds Ratio were employed to determine the association and degree of associations of risk factors with the pooled apparent prevalence (PAP) of S. aureus, respectively. The PAP of S. aureus was 22.2% (95% CI: 21.0-23.4). The apparent prevalence of S. aureus was found twice in milk samples than in meat. A statistically significant difference in the apparent prevalence of S. aureus was found among the Ethiopian regions in which, more than half (57.2%) of it was found in SNNP and Oromia. Trend analysis indicated that the apparent prevalence of S. aureus was decreasing by 2.9 every single year.
Abstract: As Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) gave the opportunity for the penicillin discovery, it also has been challenging the health of both humans and their livestock due to its drug resistance property. In spite of the fact that fragmented studies on the apparent prevalence of S. aureus in milk and meat have been conducted in Ethiopia, a well-organize...
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Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles, Characterization and Their Biomedical Applications
Muhammd Ilyas,
Muhammad Arif,
Abbas Ahmad,
Hikmat Ullah,
Faisal Adnan,
Shehryar Khan,
Fazal Rahman,
Irshad Khan,
Muhammad Nadeem Khan,
Sayed Muhammad Shafi Shah
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
39-52
Received:
18 July 2022
Accepted:
11 August 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20221002.12
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Abstract: Nanotechnology is starting to the characterization, fabrication, and possible applications of numerous materials at the Nano-scale. Over the last few eras, nanomaterials provide a platform to researchers from diverse arenas due to high surface to volume ratio and other novels, and new significant belongings. Recent advances in the field of science and technology, immensely nanotechnology, have contributed to the diverse applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in various fields, especially the biomedical division. Among all the metallic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highly remarkable. Consequent to their significant nature, spherical and gold nanorods (Au NRs) nanoparticles attract greater attention. Gold colloids have fascinated scientists for over a century and are heavily utilized in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Gold nanoparticles have a rich history in chemistry, dating back to ancient Roman times where they were used to stain glasses for decorative purposes. Gold nanoparticles can be fabricated using different approaches such as chemical, physical, and biological methods. The green route (biological method) is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and comfortable and simple way to synthesize gold nanoparticles compared to physical and chemical approaches. This review aims to address the popular AuNPs synthesis methods, characterization, and their antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral applications.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is starting to the characterization, fabrication, and possible applications of numerous materials at the Nano-scale. Over the last few eras, nanomaterials provide a platform to researchers from diverse arenas due to high surface to volume ratio and other novels, and new significant belongings. Recent advances in the field of science ...
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Evaluation of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum Subsp. durum) Local Cultivars for Their Reaction to Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina)
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
53-57
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
6 July 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20221002.13
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Abstract: Puccinia triticina is causative agent of wheat leaf rust, which is the most significant disease of wheat worldwide. It causes a huge amount of yield losses up to 30- 50%. In Ethiopia; the disease categorized as a huge yield loss causing agent on wheat yield loss due to this disease has reached up to 75%. The experiment is conducted on wheat disease screening nursery and main research field at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in 2018/19 using 20 local cultivars collected from chefe donsa district which is known availability of local cultivars in the area. Digelu, Arendato and Morocco seeds were sown as susceptible standard checks. Cultivars such as (16, 4, 7, 12, 14, 20, 1, 3 and 2) have shown lesser TRS with resistance types at both locations during the life of the experiment. In the same way Cultivar such as (12 and 14) has shown equal low disease progress rate at screening nursery and main research field. Among tested 20 cultivars such as (19, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 3, 2) have revealed less IC value with resistance character than standard check at both locations. It is important to search local variants and cultivars for available gene to tackle the identified and newly evolving races. The available major and minor gene should be identified to know the specific resistance gene. These generate an opportunity to improve durum wheat variety and cultivars resistance against leaf rust.
Abstract: Puccinia triticina is causative agent of wheat leaf rust, which is the most significant disease of wheat worldwide. It causes a huge amount of yield losses up to 30- 50%. In Ethiopia; the disease categorized as a huge yield loss causing agent on wheat yield loss due to this disease has reached up to 75%. The experiment is conducted on wheat disease...
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