Degradation Study on the Effects of Storage Conditions on Active Ingredient of an ACT- Based Anti-malarial Drugs
Adams Udoji Itodo,
Idriss Emmanuel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
29-36
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
29 March 2017
Published:
19 June 2017
Abstract: In this drug storage stability surveillance, we evaluated and compared the effects of different storage temperatures and ventilation conditions on the level of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of an ACT- based antimalarial (XYZ) drug formulation. The drug which contains artemether and lumefantrine is marketed by drug vendors in Lafia, Nasarawa state. From the analyses carried out, the concentration of lumefantrine (estimated with UV-Vis spectrophotometer) as well as Artemether (analyzed using HPLC) in the drug shows slightly different values which are statistically insignificant when investigated for the effects of storage temperatures and ventilation conditions. Drugs from pharmaceutical stores equipped with fan without cross ventilation (FNV), fan with inadequate ventilation (OCV), fan with cross ventilation (FCV) and fan with air conditioner (ACF) gave lumefantrine level of 494.30, 438.68, 472.48 and 488.68 mg respectively as against the label’s acclaimed 480 mg lumefantrine. The results for artemether includes: FNV (76.93), OCV (79.49), FCV (80.61) and ACF (73.55) milligrammes respectively as against 80 mg drug label claim. Reported values fell within the recommended (90%-120%) NAFDAC acceptable values for drug stability.
Abstract: In this drug storage stability surveillance, we evaluated and compared the effects of different storage temperatures and ventilation conditions on the level of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of an ACT- based antimalarial (XYZ) drug formulation. The drug which contains artemether and lumefantrine is marketed by drug vendors in Lafia, Nasaraw...
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Anticoagulant Activity of Rhamnan Sulfate Isolated from Commercially Cultured Monostroma nitidum
Youichi Yamashiro,
Masahiro Nakamura,
Takuya Yogi,
Takeshi Teruya,
Teruko Konishi,
Shuntoku Uechi,
Masakuni Tako
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
37-43
Received:
11 April 2017
Accepted:
2 May 2017
Published:
21 June 2017
Abstract: The green seaweed, Monostroma nitidum, is widespread in Japan. In Okinawa Prefecture, the production of seaweed is performed using culture-nets that are seeded artificially. Algae contain a soluble polysaccharide, rhamnan sulfate. To estimate its applicability, the anticoagulant activity of rhamnan sulfate was investigated. Rhamanan sulfate was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-sepharose column, and two fractions (A and B) were obtained. Partially hydrolyzed rhamnan sulfates with different molecular mass (C1, C2 and C3) were also prepared. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test, prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) were applied using human plasma and compared with standard heparin (174 units/mg). The native rhamnan sulfate (molecular mass, 630 kDa; sulfuric acid content, 22.7%), fraction A (12.4%) and fraction B (27.8%) showed approximately 73% APTT activity in comparison with that of standard heparin, but fraction C2 (molecular mass, 450 kDa) had a higher activity than that of the standard (107%). On the other hand, in the PT assay, all fractions except fraction C2 and C3 (370 kDa) showed higher activity approximately 120-155% greater than that of standard heparin. The TT activity of rhamnan sulfate depended on the sulfate content, and that of fraction B, which has high sulfuric acid content (27.8%), was 135-173% greater than that of heparin. The sulfate groups of L-rhamnosyl residues and carboxyl group of D-glucuronosyl residue on the trisaccharide side chains of the rhamnan sulfate might interact strongly with the active site of thrombin molecules. The results and discussion suggested that rhamnan sulfate from commercially cultured Monostroma nitidum could be a potential anticoagulant polysaccharide.
Abstract: The green seaweed, Monostroma nitidum, is widespread in Japan. In Okinawa Prefecture, the production of seaweed is performed using culture-nets that are seeded artificially. Algae contain a soluble polysaccharide, rhamnan sulfate. To estimate its applicability, the anticoagulant activity of rhamnan sulfate was investigated. Rhamanan sulfate was fra...
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Preparation and Property Study of CMCS Complexes
Lidan Dong,
Changping Wei,
Shuang Sun,
Fengming Wang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
44-49
Received:
1 August 2017
Published:
1 August 2017
Abstract: To further enhance the carboxymethyl chitosan (collectively, carboxymethyl chitosan, CMCS) water-soluble and effect of coagulation and hemostatic, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) are prepared by carboxymethyl chitosan modification under alkaline conditions, then Folic Acid-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (FA-O-CMCS) and Ca-nanocarboxymethyl chitosan(Ca-nmCMCS) are prepared by compounding folic acid and Ca2+, respectively. The samples are characterized by Infrared spectrum(IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and compared with each other, with the results showing as follows: FA-O-CMCS and Ca-nmCMCS are successfully synthesized respectively. Comparison of the two results shows that Ca-nmCMCS is more stable, and has smaller and more uniform particle size about 27.4 nm, better dispersion without adhesion and stronger crystalline structure corresponding to the result of the solubility. But, the coagulation and hemostasis time of FA-O-CMCS is shorter than Ca-nmCMCS, and the former has the better effects of rapid coagulation and hemostasis. This provids a wide range of prospects for the application of Ca-nmCMCS and FA-O-CMCS.
Abstract: To further enhance the carboxymethyl chitosan (collectively, carboxymethyl chitosan, CMCS) water-soluble and effect of coagulation and hemostatic, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) are prepared by carboxymethyl chitosan modification under alkaline conditions, then Folic Acid-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (FA-O-CMCS)...
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