Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde; Osula Joyce Eghosa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde, Osula Joyce Eghosa

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 3 May 2021 Accepted: 24 May 2021 Published: 13 July 2021

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Abstract

The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO₃ to be the major mineral component in the samples.

Published in	International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
Page(s)	18-25
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biopolymer, Microorganisms, Zone of Inhibition (ZI), Extraction, Crab Shell, Silver Nitrate

References

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APA Style

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde, Osula Joyce Eghosa. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 9(2), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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ACS Style

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde; Osula Joyce Eghosa. Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. Int. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2021, 9(2), 18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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AMA Style

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde, Osula Joyce Eghosa. Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. Int J Biomed Mater Res. 2021;9(2):18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12,
  author = {Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde and Osula Joyce Eghosa},
  title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  abstract = {The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO3 to be the major mineral component in the samples.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms
AU  - Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde
AU  - Osula Joyce Eghosa
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
SP  - 18
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7579
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
AB  - The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO3 to be the major mineral component in the samples.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde

Department of Basic Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Auchi, Auchi, Nigeria
Osula Joyce Eghosa

Department of Basic Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Auchi, Auchi, Nigeria

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Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde, Osula Joyce Eghosa. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 9(2), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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ACS Style

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde; Osula Joyce Eghosa. Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. Int. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2021, 9(2), 18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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AMA Style

Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde, Osula Joyce Eghosa. Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms. Int J Biomed Mater Res. 2021;9(2):18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12,
  author = {Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde and Osula Joyce Eghosa},
  title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbmr.20210902.12},
  abstract = {The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO3 to be the major mineral component in the samples.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms
AU  - Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde
AU  - Osula Joyce Eghosa
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
SP  - 18
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7579
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20210902.12
AB  - The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO3 to be the major mineral component in the samples.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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