Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by athletes has been increased rapidly in many countries to improve their physical fitness and appearance. The abuses of AASs have been associated with impacts on different systems of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes that occurred in skeletal and cardiac muscles during nandrolone (one of AASs) treatment histologically and immunohistochmically. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1; control group, group 2; was treated with nandrolone 5 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly, group 3 was treated with nandrolone10 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly and group 4; was treated with nandrolone 20 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly. All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The specimens from the cardiac and skeletal muscles were processed for histological study using light and electron microscopes and immunohistochemical stain for detection of activated caspase-3 as an indicator for apoptotic changes. The skeletal and cardiac muscles appeared hypertrophied after nandrolone treatment. Lesions ranged from mild to severe muscular changes were also detected depending on the dose. The changes were in the form of variations of fibers size and splitting of some fibers in skeletal muscle as well as myofiber lysis, cellular infiltration, vacuolation, swelling and mitochondrial damage in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. The nuclei appeared hyperchromatic with peripherally clumped chromatin. Expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in skeletal and cardiac tissues treated with higher doses of nandrolone. It is concluded that nandrolone injection in male albino rats induced hypertrophy and degenerative changes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles which may lead to loss of their functions.
| Published in | International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 4, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-14 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Nandrolone, Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles, Caspase-3, Electron Microscopy
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APA Style
Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy, Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary, Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat, Afaf Taha Ali. (2018). Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 4(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11
ACS Style
Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy; Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary; Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat; Afaf Taha Ali. Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2018, 4(1), 1-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11
AMA Style
Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy, Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary, Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat, Afaf Taha Ali. Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2018;4(1):1-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11,
author = {Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy and Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary and Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat and Afaf Taha Ali},
title = {Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats},
journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20180401.11},
abstract = {Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by athletes has been increased rapidly in many countries to improve their physical fitness and appearance. The abuses of AASs have been associated with impacts on different systems of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes that occurred in skeletal and cardiac muscles during nandrolone (one of AASs) treatment histologically and immunohistochmically. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1; control group, group 2; was treated with nandrolone 5 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly, group 3 was treated with nandrolone10 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly and group 4; was treated with nandrolone 20 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly. All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The specimens from the cardiac and skeletal muscles were processed for histological study using light and electron microscopes and immunohistochemical stain for detection of activated caspase-3 as an indicator for apoptotic changes. The skeletal and cardiac muscles appeared hypertrophied after nandrolone treatment. Lesions ranged from mild to severe muscular changes were also detected depending on the dose. The changes were in the form of variations of fibers size and splitting of some fibers in skeletal muscle as well as myofiber lysis, cellular infiltration, vacuolation, swelling and mitochondrial damage in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. The nuclei appeared hyperchromatic with peripherally clumped chromatin. Expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in skeletal and cardiac tissues treated with higher doses of nandrolone. It is concluded that nandrolone injection in male albino rats induced hypertrophy and degenerative changes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles which may lead to loss of their functions.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats AU - Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy AU - Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary AU - Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat AU - Afaf Taha Ali Y1 - 2018/02/07 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11 T2 - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy JF - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy JO - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8008 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.11 AB - Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by athletes has been increased rapidly in many countries to improve their physical fitness and appearance. The abuses of AASs have been associated with impacts on different systems of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes that occurred in skeletal and cardiac muscles during nandrolone (one of AASs) treatment histologically and immunohistochmically. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1; control group, group 2; was treated with nandrolone 5 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly, group 3 was treated with nandrolone10 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly and group 4; was treated with nandrolone 20 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly. All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The specimens from the cardiac and skeletal muscles were processed for histological study using light and electron microscopes and immunohistochemical stain for detection of activated caspase-3 as an indicator for apoptotic changes. The skeletal and cardiac muscles appeared hypertrophied after nandrolone treatment. Lesions ranged from mild to severe muscular changes were also detected depending on the dose. The changes were in the form of variations of fibers size and splitting of some fibers in skeletal muscle as well as myofiber lysis, cellular infiltration, vacuolation, swelling and mitochondrial damage in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. The nuclei appeared hyperchromatic with peripherally clumped chromatin. Expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in skeletal and cardiac tissues treated with higher doses of nandrolone. It is concluded that nandrolone injection in male albino rats induced hypertrophy and degenerative changes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles which may lead to loss of their functions. VL - 4 IS - 1 ER -
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