-
Effect of Anabolic Steroids on the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Adult Male Rats
Hanan Abd-Elhakem Elgendy,
Adel Abd-Elmohdy Alhawary,
Mona Abd-Elrahim El-Shahat,
Afaf Taha Ali
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
1-14
Received:
28 November 2017
Accepted:
8 December 2017
Published:
7 February 2018
Abstract: Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by athletes has been increased rapidly in many countries to improve their physical fitness and appearance. The abuses of AASs have been associated with impacts on different systems of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes that occurred in skeletal and cardiac muscles during nandrolone (one of AASs) treatment histologically and immunohistochmically. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1; control group, group 2; was treated with nandrolone 5 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly, group 3 was treated with nandrolone10 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly and group 4; was treated with nandrolone 20 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly. All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The specimens from the cardiac and skeletal muscles were processed for histological study using light and electron microscopes and immunohistochemical stain for detection of activated caspase-3 as an indicator for apoptotic changes. The skeletal and cardiac muscles appeared hypertrophied after nandrolone treatment. Lesions ranged from mild to severe muscular changes were also detected depending on the dose. The changes were in the form of variations of fibers size and splitting of some fibers in skeletal muscle as well as myofiber lysis, cellular infiltration, vacuolation, swelling and mitochondrial damage in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. The nuclei appeared hyperchromatic with peripherally clumped chromatin. Expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in skeletal and cardiac tissues treated with higher doses of nandrolone. It is concluded that nandrolone injection in male albino rats induced hypertrophy and degenerative changes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles which may lead to loss of their functions.
Abstract: Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by athletes has been increased rapidly in many countries to improve their physical fitness and appearance. The abuses of AASs have been associated with impacts on different systems of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes that occurred in skeletal and cardiac musc...
Show More
-
Dermoscopy Is the Crucial Step for Proper Outcome Prospection When Treating Androgenetic Alopecia with the Regenera® Protocol: A Score Proposal
Hernán Pinto,
Rafael Gálvez,
José Casanova
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
15-18
Received:
13 November 2017
Accepted:
29 November 2017
Published:
26 February 2018
Abstract: There is no actual treatment capable of creating hair follicles de novo, since a hair follicle is not a single tissue but a tiny, full anatomical structure. The Regenera® method is based on the regeneration and recovery of severely non-functional but still-alive hair follicles. For 1.5 years, clinical assessment has been the sole pillar of any outcome prospection issued. Wrong prospections could be affecting about 10% of patients expecting good results. Scalp dermoscopy was then included in routine diagnosis tests of every patient willing to be treated with the Regenera® protocol. When analyzing the data of the dermoscopy of patients with a poor prospection, it was clear that the expectancies related to the treatment´s results were overestimated.
Abstract: There is no actual treatment capable of creating hair follicles de novo, since a hair follicle is not a single tissue but a tiny, full anatomical structure. The Regenera® method is based on the regeneration and recovery of severely non-functional but still-alive hair follicles. For 1.5 years, clinical assessment has been the sole pillar of any outc...
Show More
-
Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians
Shimaa Anter Farid,
Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
19-26
Received:
10 January 2018
Accepted:
1 February 2018
Published:
2 March 2018
Abstract: The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.
Abstract: The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives o...
Show More
-
Antimicrobial Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Isolated from Human Breast Milk Against Human Pathogenic Strains
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
27-31
Received:
10 January 2018
Accepted:
1 February 2018
Published:
2 March 2018
Abstract: This study aims to screen the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic properties isolated from human breast milk. A total of six from twenty five LAB isolated showed clear zone on modified MRS-CaCO3 agar, catalase negative and Gram positive were considered as LAB. All of the six selected isolates were able to tolerance pH 2, 0.3% bile salts for 3h. The antibacterial properties of these isolates against (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium) were examined using dual agar overlay and microtiter plates methods. Results found that both the cells and supernatants of six selected LAB isolated showed very good inhibitory activity against the target bacteria. The LAB-HM6 isolate showed the highest inhibitory activity (32.0 mm) against S. aureus followed by LAB-HM5 and LAB-HM4 (30.3 mm), then LAB-MH1 (29.3 mm) against S. typhimurium. Supernatant LAB-HM5 caused complete inhibition of all target bacteria, LAB-HM3 inhibited S. typhimurium and B. subtilis, and LAB-HM5 also inhibited the growth of S. aureus during 72 h incubation. Thus, these Lab isolates could be considered as potential antimicrobial probiotic strains human pathogens and should be further studied for their human health benefits.
Abstract: This study aims to screen the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic properties isolated from human breast milk. A total of six from twenty five LAB isolated showed clear zone on modified MRS-CaCO3 agar, catalase negative and Gram positive were considered as LAB. All of the six selected isolates were able to tolerance p...
Show More
-
Saphenofemoral Complex: Anatomical Variations and Clinical Significance
Ehab Mostafa Elzawawy,
Ayman Ahmed Khanfour
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
32-39
Received:
13 July 2018
Accepted:
10 August 2018
Published:
5 September 2018
Abstract: Varicosities of great saphenous vein (gsv) or its tributaries are a common medical condition present in up to 25% of adults. The gsv and its tributaries are located in a fascial compartment on the front of the thigh. There are great anatomical variations of these veins. However, the relation between these veins and the fascia lata on the front of thigh is even more variable and carries greater clinical importance. Forty cadaveric lower limbs were dissected to examine anatomical variations of these veins and describe their relation to the deep fascia of the thigh. Fascia lata of the front of the thigh split into superficial saphenous fascia and deep fascia lata proper. This fascial splitting formed the saphenous compartment. There were 3 types of saphenous compartment. Type 1 (30%), there was a triangular saphenous compartment containing the gsv and its tributaries. Type 2 (30%), there was a fascial canal containing the gsv. Type 3 (40%), there was a small fascial saphenous compartment with variable boundaries that contained the gsv and 1 or 2 of its tributaries. The number of superficial tributaries in the front of the thigh ranged from 3-7 with a mean of 5.12 ±1.95. The length of the gsv in the saphenous compartment ranged from 5-8.5 cm with a mean of 6.43±1.65 cm. The length of tributaries in the saphenous compartment ranged from 2-6 cm with a mean of 3.82±2.74cm. The external pudendal artery (epa) was intimately related to saphenofemoral junction (sfj) in 30% of cases. The cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve were related to the gsv, its tributaries and sfj in 52.5% of cases. Precise identification of the location of the gsv, its tributaries in relation to deep fascia of the thigh, epa and cutaneous nerves is crucial for planning appropriate surgical technique in case of varicosities.
Abstract: Varicosities of great saphenous vein (gsv) or its tributaries are a common medical condition present in up to 25% of adults. The gsv and its tributaries are located in a fascial compartment on the front of the thigh. There are great anatomical variations of these veins. However, the relation between these veins and the fascia lata on the front of t...
Show More
