Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians

Shimaa Anter Farid; Islam Omar Abdel Fattah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians

Shimaa Anter Farid, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 10 January 2018 Accepted: 1 February 2018 Published: 2 March 2018

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Abstract

The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
Page(s)	19-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Craniocervical Junction, Foramen Magnum, Occipital Condyles, Hypoglossal Canal, Morphometry and Transcondylar Approach

References

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APA Style

Shimaa Anter Farid, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. (2018). Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 4(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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ACS Style

Shimaa Anter Farid; Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2018, 4(1), 19-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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AMA Style

Shimaa Anter Farid, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2018;4(1):19-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13,
  author = {Shimaa Anter Farid and Islam Omar Abdel Fattah},
  title = {Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  abstract = {The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians
AU  - Shimaa Anter Farid
AU  - Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
Y1  - 2018/03/02
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
AB  - The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Shimaa Anter Farid

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Islam Omar Abdel Fattah

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

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APA Style

Shimaa Anter Farid, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. (2018). Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 4(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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ACS Style

Shimaa Anter Farid; Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2018, 4(1), 19-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

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AMA Style

Shimaa Anter Farid, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2018;4(1):19-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13,
  author = {Shimaa Anter Farid and Islam Omar Abdel Fattah},
  title = {Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20180401.13},
  abstract = {The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Morphometric Study of Human Adult Occipital Condyle, Hypoglossal Canal and Foramen Magnum in Dry Skull of Modern Egyptians
AU  - Shimaa Anter Farid
AU  - Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
Y1  - 2018/03/02
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20180401.13
AB  - The present study investigated analyze some morphometric data about occipital condyles (OCs), hypoglossal canals (HCs) and foramen magnum (FM) for safety transcondylar surgical approach, and to compare the Egyptian skull measurements with that of the other races. A total of 75 dry skulls of unknown sex which were randomly chosen from the archives of Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University were used with exclusion of the extremely deformed or damaged. The parameters were measured by digital Vernier calipers with 0.01 mm precision and a protractor. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using unpaired Student's t-test. Results indicated no statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of measured parameters. The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width & length was larger (14.8 & 22.9 mm) in Egyptian population when compared to other races. According to the parameters of the HCs, the mean length of right and left ones were 11.84 mm and 11.8 mm respectively, while their mean angles with the sagittal plane were found to be 31.8° and 31.6° respectively. The mean diameter of the intracranial end of the right HC was 6.24 mm and of the left one was 6.04 mm, on the other hand, the mean diameters of the extracranial ends were 6.18 mm and 6.04 mm respectively. Regarding the parameters of FM, the mean length and width were 35 mm and 29.4 mm respectively. On the other hand, the mean distance of right mastoid process to the nearest point of FM was 34.72 mm, while the left one located at a mean distance of 35.2 mm from FM. 40% of skulls studied exhibited an ovoid foramen magnum as the foramen magnum index was > 1.2 but 60% of our samples were ˂ 1.2 which were asymmetrical in shape. We conclude that careful radiological analysis of the craniocervical junction is required before surgery to prevent inadvertent complications such as hemorrhage, atlantooccipital instability and injury to major structures passing through foramen magnum. Our outcomes will be useful for safe surgery in craniocervical region in Egypt.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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