Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City

Anegbe Bala; Okuo James Majebi; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe; Ugbune Ufuoma; Emina Rosemary Anwuli

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City

Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli

Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 1 May 2018 Accepted: 21 February 2019 Published: 14 March 2019

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Abstract

The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
Page(s)	7-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Auto-repair Workshops, Soils, Concentrations

References

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APA Style

Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. (2019). Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Anegbe Bala; Okuo James Majebi; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe; Ugbune Ufuoma; Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(1), 7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(1):7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12,
  author = {Anegbe Bala and Okuo James Majebi and Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe and Ugbune Ufuoma and Emina Rosemary Anwuli},
  title = {Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190301.12},
  abstract = {The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City
AU  - Anegbe Bala
AU  - Okuo James Majebi
AU  - Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe
AU  - Ugbune Ufuoma
AU  - Emina Rosemary Anwuli
Y1  - 2019/03/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
AB  - The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Anegbe Bala

Department of Basic and Industrial Chemistry, Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
Okuo James Majebi

Environmental Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe

GeoEnvironmental and Climate Change, Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Ugbune Ufuoma

Department of Chemistry, Delta State College of Education, Mosogar, Nigeria
Emina Rosemary Anwuli

Department of Chemistry, Chrisland University, Abeokuta, Nigeria

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APA Style

Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. (2019). Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Anegbe Bala; Okuo James Majebi; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe; Ugbune Ufuoma; Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(1), 7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(1):7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12,
  author = {Anegbe Bala and Okuo James Majebi and Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe and Ugbune Ufuoma and Emina Rosemary Anwuli},
  title = {Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190301.12},
  abstract = {The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City
AU  - Anegbe Bala
AU  - Okuo James Majebi
AU  - Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe
AU  - Ugbune Ufuoma
AU  - Emina Rosemary Anwuli
Y1  - 2019/03/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
AB  - The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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