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Application of Membran Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) Synthesis Blending TiO2-Serbuk Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Seed on Coal Wastewater Treatment
Marhaini,
Legiso,
Neny Rochyani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
10 December 2018
Accepted:
25 December 2018
Published:
24 January 2019
Abstract: Membrane technology is the right choice with its ability as a highly selective separation process to produce high quality products. The technology research applied based on chemical technology of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), a technology of coal wastewater treatment using strong oxidizing agents with photocatalysts TiO2 and moringa seed powder (Moringa oleifera). The research methodology used was preparation of Moringa seeds, synthesis of composite photocatalyst TiO2-Moringa seed powder and manufacture of membrane Polyinylideneflouride (PVDF)-Moringa seed powder with a total of 4 membranes (A, B, C, D). The results of the study produced membrane characteristics with a pore size of 0,1 μm - 6 μm, wet weight of 20% and an average tensile test value of 4.53 N/mm2. Application of membrane PVDF-synthesis TiO2-Moringa seed powder (Moringa oleifera) in coal wastewater treatment resulted in a decrease of 89% in Fe and Mn pollutants in the composition of 5% TiO2 and 5% Moringa seed powder in Membrane B.
Abstract: Membrane technology is the right choice with its ability as a highly selective separation process to produce high quality products. The technology research applied based on chemical technology of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), a technology of coal wastewater treatment using strong oxidizing agents with photocatalysts TiO2 and moringa seed powder...
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Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City
Anegbe Bala,
Okuo James Majebi,
Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe,
Ugbune Ufuoma,
Emina Rosemary Anwuli
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
7-17
Received:
1 May 2018
Accepted:
21 February 2019
Published:
14 March 2019
Abstract: The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.
Abstract: The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirt...
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Knowledge and Use of Medicinal Traditional Plant Species Ailments in Haramaya, Ethiopia
Melaku Masresha Woldeamanuel
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
18-23
Received:
14 February 2019
Accepted:
25 March 2019
Published:
11 May 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify the medicinal plants and anal-yse local knowledge regarding the use of plants for the treatment and prevention of various human ailments in socio-cultural groups, namely in the peoples of Haramaya, East Harerge, Ethiopia by answering research questions: What were the requirements of the users in filling existing gap in knowledge regarding the traditional medicinal plants? What are the traditional medicinal plants species used as a primary healthcare? Which parts of traditional medicinal plants are used as a primary health care? How does the medicinal plant products are operated by healers? Data was selected from Haramaya District, HarargeZone, East Ethiopia from September 2016 to July 2017thedata were collected from 30 randomly selected traditional plant healer’s using semi-structured interviews and participants observation. The traditional plant species healers were involved in the study were male and female and also their ages range from 25 -95. Interviews were made with each traditional healer about the knowledge and use of medicinal plant species used to treat human diseases in the study area. 22 medicinal plant species were used as cure for 30 ailments. From these, 100 species were recorded for the treatment of human health problems, from the total medicinal Plants. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves (31%), seeds (27%), seeds and fruits (3.5%) fruits (3.5%), steam (10.35%), roots (6.7%), jelly of the steam (3.5%), flowers (3.5%), leave bud (3.5%), leaves and roots (3.5%) and terminal bud (3.5%). The most widely used method of preparation was crushing (26.80%) of the different plant parts followed by squeezing (22.68%) and burning (7.21%). The common route of administration recorded was oral (52.01%) followed by dermal (28.52%) and nasal (8.3%). The most commonly used application of medicinal plant was drinking (43.37%) followed by painting (10.84%) and put on and washing accounted for 10.84%. No significant correlation was observed between the age of traditional remedy and the number of species reported and the indigenous knowledge transfer was found to be similar. More than one medicinal plants species were used more frequently than the use of a single species for remedy preparation. Plant parts used for remedy preparations showed significant difference with medicinal plant species abundance in the study area.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify the medicinal plants and anal-yse local knowledge regarding the use of plants for the treatment and prevention of various human ailments in socio-cultural groups, namely in the peoples of Haramaya, East Harerge, Ethiopia by answering research questions: What were the requirements of the users in filling ...
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Gold Mining Activities on Surrounding Soils of Kombo Laka in Adamaoua Region-Cameroon
Nchare Mominou,
Hamadou Dio,
Kah Elvis,
Badohok Sarki
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
24-29
Received:
7 March 2019
Accepted:
15 April 2019
Published:
20 May 2019
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in mining industry, causing serious effects to humans and animals. The present study evaluates the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Kombo Laka mine area in Mbere subdivision, and evaluates the characteristics of the pollution generated by mining activities in this locality. A total of 24 soil samples were collected from Adamsi, Benou, Abattoir and Wantia mining sites along with two control soil samples. Parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and carbonate content were measured according to standard methods, while heavy metals concentration in different samples was determined fluorescence x(XRF). Coarse sand (2.0-1.0 mm) and fine sand (0.250-0.125 mm) were the dominant fractions of all soils samples, ranging from 28.3 to 24.2 and 25.4 to 23.2% in Abatoir and Adamsi soils respectively. At the same time, silty clay (<0.031 mm) was the dominant fraction ranging from 20.3 to 24.9%. The pollution load index (PLI) was calculated to evaluate the degree of contamination. The results of PLI for the selected elements confirm anthropogenic action in the area since all values are > 1. Contamination factors (CF) and pollution index (IP) were calculated for Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), in order to estimate the anthropogenic contribution of these elements in the pollution of this locality. The results show that the area is polluted and measures need to be taken for remediation.
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in mining industry, causing serious effects to humans and animals. The present study evaluates the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Kombo Laka mine area in Mbere subdivision, and evaluates the characteristics of the pollution generated by mining activities in this locality. A total ...
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Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium
Egah Godwin Ogbaji,
Baba Nwunuji Hikon,
Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar,
Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima,
Omovo Mavis,
Ogah Ekirigwe,
Aminu Fatai Ayodeji
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
30-42
Received:
10 April 2019
Accepted:
29 May 2019
Published:
18 June 2019
Abstract: This research used raw kaolinite (RK), thermally activated Kaolinite (TAK), hydroxyiron (iii) kaolinite- composite (HKC), as adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol and cadmium from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 5–25 mg/l and 10-50 mg/l respectively. Effect of initial pH on the adsorbates was carried out at pH 2-11 at (298 K), and adsorbent dosage from 0.5 - 2.5 g with 50 ml adsorbate solution. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 25-55°C for 5-25 mg/L and 10-50 mg/L of phenol and cadmium solutions for 1 hr for all the adsorbents. The Physicochemical characteristics of RK, TAK and HKC were shown to be: pH 7.38, 7.26 and 7.20; pHzpc: 11.00, 10.50 and 10.10; Conductivity (2μ/cm):1.656, 1.660 and 1.657; Bulky density (g/cm3):1.186, 1.111 and 1.214; Attrition (%): 17.49, 26.53 and 27.21 respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine adsorbent features. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, hydrogen bonding and aldehyde group showed that adsorbents bonds phenol and cadmium. At equilibrium, the maximum percentage removal for phenol: RK (52.020%), TAK (63.468%), HKC (79.952%) and cadmium: RK (41.980%), TAK (48.398%), HKC (65.830%) respectively were achieved for contact time. From the experiment adsorption capacities were found to increase with increase in temperature, contact time and concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir better than the Freundlich model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters –Enthalpy change entropy change and Gibbs free energy, adsorption of both phenol and cadmium was not spontaneous but endothermic, meaning the chemisorption dominates physosorption. Adsorption kinetics was better explained by the Blanchard pseudo-second order kinetic model than the Lagergren first order. Overall, the adsorption of phenol was more favourable than for cadmium for all adsorbents.
Abstract: This research used raw kaolinite (RK), thermally activated Kaolinite (TAK), hydroxyiron (iii) kaolinite- composite (HKC), as adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol and cadmium from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 5–25 mg/l and 10-50 mg/l respectively. Effect of initial pH on the adsorbates was carried out at pH 2-11 at (298 K), and ...
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Fluoride, Total Dissolved Solid and Electrical Conductivity in Drinking Water Supplies Analyzed in EPHI from April 2017 to December 2018
Tassew Arega,
Belaynesh Demissie,
Abel Weldetinsae,
Daniel Abera,
Melaku Gizaw,
Tsegereda Assefa
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
43-52
Received:
17 April 2019
Accepted:
17 June 2019
Published:
11 July 2019
Abstract: This retrospective study is aim to examine the Fluoride, Total dissolved solid and Electrical conductivity in drinking water supplies of Ethiopia. The study used 345 water samples data that collected from seven regions plus two administrative cities of the country, which were tested in Environmental Public Health Chemistry Laboratory at Ethiopian Public Health Institute from April 2017 to December 2018 and from these 226, were from well water, 97 from piped and the remaining 22 were from spring water samples. The results of the water samples analysis indicate that the fluoride concentration, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity in the water sample varied from 0.0 mg/L to 16.96mg/L, 0.25 mg/L to 3360mg/Land 2.04 µS/cm to 4430µS/cm respectively. Generally in analyzed data, 33.6% (n = 76), 55.8% (n=126) and 54.4% (n=123) of the well water samples, 60.8% (n = 59), 99% (n=96) and 99% (n=96) of the piped water samples and 68.2% (n=15), 91% (n=20) and 91% (n=20) of the spring water samples are below 0.5 mg/L, 500mg/l and 700 µS/cm of fluoride, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity concentration respectively. on the other hand, 24% (n = 54), 9.3% (n=21) and 8.4% (n=19) of the well water samples, 7.2% (n = 7), 1% (n=1) and 1% (n=1) of the piped water samples and 4.6% (n = 1), 4.6% (n = 1) and 4.6% (n = 1) of the spring water samples had fluoride, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity concentration higher than WHO and national standards maximum allowable concentration (i.e. 1.5mg/l, 1000mg/L and 1500µS/cm) respectively. According to the result obtained, the water sources require a sustainable corrective action in order to alleviate the effect of fluoride, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity in human health. Hence, the result of this retrospective study will use as base to health authorities as well as other responsible body for the management of water supply regarding fluoride, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity.
Abstract: This retrospective study is aim to examine the Fluoride, Total dissolved solid and Electrical conductivity in drinking water supplies of Ethiopia. The study used 345 water samples data that collected from seven regions plus two administrative cities of the country, which were tested in Environmental Public Health Chemistry Laboratory at Ethiopian P...
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