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Removal of Heavy Metals from Their Solution Using Polystyrene Adsorbent (Foil Take-Away Disposable Plates)
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
29-38
Received:
1 October 2018
Accepted:
15 October 2018
Published:
5 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.11
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Abstract: The presence of heavy metal ions, viz. Cr(vi), Mn(ii) and Cu(ii), in aquatic systems pose heavy risks to human health. Therefore, removal of such metal ions from water bodies may be considered an interesting and important research activity. This is a research work on the removal of heavy metals from their solution with the use of polystyrene. Polystyrene (Foil take-away disposable plates) was sourced locally. The Plates were ground to fine particles to increase the surface area for adsorption and then serial dilution was performed. The adsorption isotherm models used were Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR). The result from the models showed that Langmuir fits better for Cr(vi) and Cu(ii) while DR fits in better for Mn(ii). Results obtained showed that adsorption followed second order kinetics. Equilibrium was obtained at 30 minutes. Thermodynamic data for enthalpy (ΔH) for Cr, Cu, and Mn are 2036.986 J/mol, 24276.88 J/mol and 27469 J/mol respectively and showed that adsorption was found to be endothermic. Entropy results were -49.21888 J/K, -117.97566 J/K and 66.7828 J/K for Cr(vi), Cu(ii) and Mn(ii) respectively, showing a decrease in entropy. Free energy change showed that adsorption for Chromium and Manganese at temperatures 323, 343 and 363K were spontaneous, while Copper was non spontaneous. pH result showed maximum adsorption at pH of 6. This study showed that polystyrene fits better for the adsorption of Chromium and Copper ion in the Langmuir Isotherm model. While that of Manganese was described better by the Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherm Model. It is hereby recommended that polystyrene wastes are good adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Therefore, should be employed for the removal of heavy metals in the environment, as it can be easily gotten even at a low cost.
Abstract: The presence of heavy metal ions, viz. Cr(vi), Mn(ii) and Cu(ii), in aquatic systems pose heavy risks to human health. Therefore, removal of such metal ions from water bodies may be considered an interesting and important research activity. This is a research work on the removal of heavy metals from their solution with the use of polystyrene. Polys...
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Phytochemical Screening of the Ethanolic Leaves and Root Extract of Scoparia Dulcis
Muhammad Sani Nahannu,
Samirah Idris Umar,
Abdullahi Danbaba Abdullahi,
Jamila Muhammad Hassan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
39-42
Received:
2 October 2018
Accepted:
19 October 2018
Published:
21 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.12
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Abstract: Plants are rich in several secondary metabolites and are a major source of chemical diversity, they are a potential source of new drugs for man whose use to control diseases is a centuries-old practice. Scoparia dulcis is an important medicinal plant, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. It is locally known as Rumafada in northern Nigeria. The plant is a small, much branched, glabrous, leafy annual herb or under shrub with erects or ascending branches. The objective of this study was to carry out phytochemical screening of the stem and root extract of S. dulcis. The phytochemicals screened includes; alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, reducing sugars, and terpenoids using standard methods. The ethanolic root and leaves extract of Scoparia dulcis (Scophulareacea) was investigated phytochemically. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. Cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and reducing sugars were absence in this investigation.
Abstract: Plants are rich in several secondary metabolites and are a major source of chemical diversity, they are a potential source of new drugs for man whose use to control diseases is a centuries-old practice. Scoparia dulcis is an important medicinal plant, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. It is locally known as Rumafada in northern Nigeria. The...
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Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment
John Bentil,
William Kwame Buah
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
49-55
Received:
6 October 2018
Accepted:
8 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
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Abstract: The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.
Abstract: The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its h...
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Fabrication of Novel Double Z-Scheme Photocatalyst WO3-Ag3PO4-Bi2WO6 with Excellent Visible Photocatalytic Activity
Hongjuan Hao,
Dingze Lu,
Jintao Zhang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
56-66
Received:
2 December 2018
Accepted:
17 December 2018
Published:
22 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.15
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Abstract: A novel ternary Z-scheme photocatalytic system containing Ag3PO4, WO3 and Bi2WO6 was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The WO3-Ag3PO4-Bi2WO6 photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). Using Rhodamine B (RhB) as the target of elimination, WO3-Ag3PO4-Bi2WO6 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic compared with those of Bi2WO6 and WO3-Bi2WO6. The rate constants of photocatalytic degradation of RhB for WO3-Ag3PO4-Bi2WO6 (0.2:0.3:1) was 1.9 and 1.3 times that of pure Bi2WO6 and WO3-Bi2WO6. In this system, the efficient separation and migration of the photoinduced current carriers was realized through a double Z-scheme electron-transfer mechanism in which the Ag3PO4 and WO3 acted as electron donor. The Ag3PO4 served as a charge transmission bridge between the WO3 and the Bi2WO6, and the Z-scheme kept the electrons with high reducing capability in the conduction band (CB) of Bi2WO6 and the holes with high oxidation capability in the valence band (VB) of WO3, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag3PO4. The present study provided a new perspective for enhancing photocatalytic and anti-photocorrosion performances in perishable photocatalysts for organic sewage and other environmental contamination treatments.
Abstract: A novel ternary Z-scheme photocatalytic system containing Ag3PO4, WO3 and Bi2WO6 was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The WO3-Ag3PO4-Bi2WO6 photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). Using Rhoda...
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