Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment

John Bentil; William Kwame Buah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment

John Bentil, William Kwame Buah

Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 6 October 2018 Accepted: 8 November 2018 Published: 26 December 2018

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Abstract

The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45^th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
Page(s)	49-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Produced Water, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Waste Water Treatment

References

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John Bentil, William Kwame Buah. (2018). Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 2(2), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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ACS Style

John Bentil; William Kwame Buah. Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2018, 2(2), 49-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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AMA Style

John Bentil, William Kwame Buah. Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. Int J Environ Chem. 2018;2(2):49-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14,
  author = {John Bentil and William Kwame Buah},
  title = {Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20180202.14},
  abstract = {The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment
AU  - John Bentil
AU  - William Kwame Buah
Y1  - 2018/12/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 49
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
AB  - The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

John Bentil

Department of Civil Engineering, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
William Kwame Buah

Department of Mineral Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana

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John Bentil, William Kwame Buah. (2018). Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 2(2), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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ACS Style

John Bentil; William Kwame Buah. Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2018, 2(2), 49-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

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AMA Style

John Bentil, William Kwame Buah. Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment. Int J Environ Chem. 2018;2(2):49-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14,
  author = {John Bentil and William Kwame Buah},
  title = {Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20180202.14},
  abstract = {The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application of Locally Produced Activated Carbons for Petroleum Produced Water Treatment
AU  - John Bentil
AU  - William Kwame Buah
Y1  - 2018/12/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 49
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20180202.14
AB  - The treatment of petroleum produced water before discharge has been made a legal requirement to protect water resources and avoid acute and chronic toxicities. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used worldwide as an effective medium for the adsorption of biological and chemical contaminants in advance waste water, but its use is limited by its high cost. This study aimed to apply locally prepared activated carbons from coconut and palm kernel shells waste for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total alkalinity and conductivity in petroleum produced water. Chemical analyses of the petroleum produced water were done to establish the characteristics of the water before and after contacting with the activated carbons for 60 min. The results revealed the COD was reduced to 9.38% by PKSAC, 15.63% by CNTAC and 45.31% by ZC at the 45th min. The total alkalinity reduction was 27.27% for both PKSAC and CNTAC, and 36.36% for ZC. Also, turbidity of the waste water was reduced to 3.48% for CNTAC, 5.56% for PKSAC at the end of 60 min but an anomaly was observed for ZC, where the percentage turbidity of the water increased from 2.78% to 5.36% from the first 45 to the 60 min. The reduction of conductivities of the solution occurred in the first 15 min. The anomalous behaviours observed by all the carbons are an indication of the consumption of vacant active sites on the surface of the carbons for further uptake. This study has revealed some latent facts about the usefulness and effectiveness of granular activated carbons produced from agricultural waste materials which advances existing knowledge in the use of local agro-waste materials for AC preparation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download