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Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria
Joseph Clement Akan,
Lawan Bukar Inuwa,
Zaynab Muhammad Chellube,
Musa Muhammad Mahmud,
Fanna Inna Abdulrahman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
53-58
Received:
11 March 2019
Accepted:
15 May 2019
Published:
20 December 2019
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues...
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Estimates of Factors Affecting Economic Growth in the Agricultural Sector in the Development Plan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
59-64
Received:
10 March 2019
Accepted:
29 April 2019
Published:
24 December 2019
Abstract: Agricultural sector contribute about 36% of the East African Community’s Gross Domestic Product (World Bank, 2009), 80 per cent of the populace depend on agriculture directly and indirectly for food, employment and income, while about 40 million people in EAC (East African Countries) suffer from hunger and the agricultural sector still retains a lot of untapped potential, specifically for commercial farming. However, economic growth target for agriculture sector can be achieved by stimulating three factors; capital, labor and total productivity of capital and labor through R&D. This study applied panel random effect model on EAC countries data, 2000-2014. Random effects regression results showed that all explanatory variables had a significant and positive relationship with the dependent variable. From the findings the study recommends: R&D to be allocated more funds; more research scientists and agricultural labourers to be employed; R&D based knowledge to be disseminated to the public through publications; firms to train agricultural labourers on how new technologies are being used and also to allocate them duties and responsibilities that match their skills and that agricultural capital costs be subsidised.
Abstract: Agricultural sector contribute about 36% of the East African Community’s Gross Domestic Product (World Bank, 2009), 80 per cent of the populace depend on agriculture directly and indirectly for food, employment and income, while about 40 million people in EAC (East African Countries) suffer from hunger and the agricultural sector still retains a lo...
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Determinants of Water Consumption Growth and Green Environment Trade-offs in Kombolecha Industrial Zone, Ethiopia
Tefera Eshete Kebede,
Chipo Mukonza,
Munyaradzi Chitakira
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
65-71
Received:
20 July 2019
Accepted:
27 September 2019
Published:
26 December 2019
Abstract: Water is life blood for people and firms to ensure their optimal benefits. This study identified the determinants of the water consumption growth and green environment tradeoffs at Kombolecha industrial zone, Ethiopia. This was due to Ethiopia is amongst drought affected and variable rainfall dependent country in eastern Africa. Above 80 percent of the populations are still engaged in agriculture sectors, which contributed 46 percent of the total GDP. However, factories and households are consumed groundwater resources without payment in Birr and quantity limits. As a result, the green environment lost its nature due to overconsumption of groundwater sources. This study employed binary logistic regression so as to identify the significant factors that determine the water consumption growth and green environment tradeoffs. In pursuit of this, study collected crossectional surveyed data from 338 households and 14 factories. Triangulated methodology was used to determine statistically significant factors. Accordingly, this study found that household’s awareness about green mind adoption, technology use, marketing, and exchange and environment restoration was statistically significant and altered the water consumption growth and green environment tradeoffs by 0.000 values at the 5 confidence level. Moreover, household’s poverty, consumption culture and behaviours, sensitivity and emotionality, ability and willingness to pay were also differently associated and statistically significant and affected the water consumption growth and green environment tradeoffs at the 5 percent significance level. This study, therefore, recommended that concerned institutions would be altered water consumption and recycling behaviours and consumption culture through charging groundwater payments and delivering trainings and capacityservices to recover the green environment in Kombolecha and at large in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Water is life blood for people and firms to ensure their optimal benefits. This study identified the determinants of the water consumption growth and green environment tradeoffs at Kombolecha industrial zone, Ethiopia. This was due to Ethiopia is amongst drought affected and variable rainfall dependent country in eastern Africa. Above 80 percent of...
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Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metal: An Overview
Nachana’a Timothy,
Ezekiel Tagui Williams
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
72-82
Received:
15 July 2019
Accepted:
13 August 2019
Published:
30 December 2019
Abstract: Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a global issue in the recent years as it affects public health. Especially with the continue increase in anthropogenic activities such as industries and urbanization which releases pollutants in to the environment without control and effects remedies. Among the numerous environmental pollutants, heavy metals plays an important role as its concentrations in air, soil and water are continuously increasing due to anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal is any metal that is toxic regardless of their density or atomic mass. Heavy metals occur naturally in the soil environment from the pedogenetic processes of weathering of parent materials and from anthropogenic sources such as traffic emission, industrial and energy production, waste disposal, vehicle exhaust as well as coal and fuel combustion. Excess of metal pollutants deposited on soils may be transformed and transported to vegetation and from plants they pass on to animals and human being through the food chain. Excessive levels of heavy metal can be damaging to the organism and plants by disrupt metabolic functions of vital organs and glands. Also they displace the vital nutritional minerals from their original place, thereby, hindering their biological function. Therefore it is important to continually assess and monitor the levels of heavy metals in an environment due to increase in anthropogenic activities for evaluation of human exposure and for sustainable environment The aim of this paper is to discuss illustratively environmental (air, soil and water) pollution by heavy metals. Sources of heavy metals in an environment as well as their effects on organisms and plants were examined. Different methods of assessing their level of pollution were also considered and remedies were presented.
Abstract: Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a global issue in the recent years as it affects public health. Especially with the continue increase in anthropogenic activities such as industries and urbanization which releases pollutants in to the environment without control and effects remedies. Among the numerous environmental pollutants, he...
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Impact of Climate Change on Seasonal Rainfall Patterns over Bale Highlands, Southeastern Ethiopia
Wogayehu Legese Jima,
Deriba Korecha,
Kasahun Tur
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
84-91
Received:
6 September 2019
Accepted:
24 October 2019
Published:
31 December 2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was evaluates the impact of climate change on seasonal rainfall patterns over Bale Highlands by using climate data from National Meteorology Agency and downscaling Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (Cordex) output data from cordex Africa. In order to estimate the climate change signal scenarios of rainfall and temperature were developed for periods of 30 years (2011 to 2100). The outputs GCM model for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios were used to produce the future scenarios. Instat V3.7 software was governed for this study. The sample size for this study was 768 respondents randomly selected. Results of R 2=0.58 for temperature over study area which shows that there is a good correlation between downscaled and observed data. The study shows that there is an overall increasing trend in seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures and decreasing of seasonal rainfall from the base period. The onset, cessation and Length of Growing Periods in both Belg and Kiremt season shifts from the base years. Observational data, GCM date and farmer’s perception showed similar result and there is a shift of seasons over Bale highlands form 2 days to dekade. During Kiremt season there was decreasing of LGP from 109 to 101. Similarly, the LGP of Belg was reduced from 84 days to 48 days at the end of 21st century. The onset of Belg season at the end of 21st century will shifts to May. The anticipated shift of Kiremt season will merging to Bega (dry season) with this the author recommended the local farmers or any concerned body uses this information which is significant amount of rainfall require appropriate acclimatization strategies to minimize risks, increase crop productivity, and avert food insecurity of the area.
Abstract: The objective of this study was evaluates the impact of climate change on seasonal rainfall patterns over Bale Highlands by using climate data from National Meteorology Agency and downscaling Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (Cordex) output data from cordex Africa. In order to estimate the climate change signal scenarios of rainf...
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