Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria

Joseph Clement Akan; Lawan Bukar Inuwa; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Musa Muhammad Mahmud; Fanna Inna Abdulrahman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria

Joseph Clement Akan, Lawan Bukar Inuwa, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Musa Muhammad Mahmud, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman

Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 11 March 2019 Accepted: 15 May 2019 Published: 20 December 2019

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
Page(s)	53-58
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fish, Herbicide, Residues, Organs, MRL, ADI

References

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[22]	Akan, J. C., Mohammed, Z., Jafiya. and Ogugbuja, V. O. (2013). Organochlorine pesticide residues in fish samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 3: 171.
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APA Style

Joseph Clement Akan, Lawan Bukar Inuwa, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Musa Muhammad Mahmud, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. (2019). Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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ACS Style

Joseph Clement Akan; Lawan Bukar Inuwa; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Musa Muhammad Mahmud; Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(2), 53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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AMA Style

Joseph Clement Akan, Lawan Bukar Inuwa, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Musa Muhammad Mahmud, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(2):53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11,
  author = {Joseph Clement Akan and Lawan Bukar Inuwa and Zaynab Muhammad Chellube and Musa Muhammad Mahmud and Fanna Inna Abdulrahman},
  title = {Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190302.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria
AU  - Joseph Clement Akan
AU  - Lawan Bukar Inuwa
AU  - Zaynab Muhammad Chellube
AU  - Musa Muhammad Mahmud
AU  - Fanna Inna Abdulrahman
Y1  - 2019/12/20
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Joseph Clement Akan

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Lawan Bukar Inuwa

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Zaynab Muhammad Chellube

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Musa Muhammad Mahmud

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Fanna Inna Abdulrahman

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Joseph Clement Akan, Lawan Bukar Inuwa, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Musa Muhammad Mahmud, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. (2019). Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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ACS Style

Joseph Clement Akan; Lawan Bukar Inuwa; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Musa Muhammad Mahmud; Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(2), 53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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AMA Style

Joseph Clement Akan, Lawan Bukar Inuwa, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Musa Muhammad Mahmud, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman. Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(2):53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11,
  author = {Joseph Clement Akan and Lawan Bukar Inuwa and Zaynab Muhammad Chellube and Musa Muhammad Mahmud and Fanna Inna Abdulrahman},
  title = {Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190302.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of the Levels of Herbicide Residues in Fish Samples from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria
AU  - Joseph Clement Akan
AU  - Lawan Bukar Inuwa
AU  - Zaynab Muhammad Chellube
AU  - Musa Muhammad Mahmud
AU  - Fanna Inna Abdulrahman
Y1  - 2019/12/20
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the levels of atrazine, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor, paraquat, propachlor, butachlor and glysophate in the flesh, liver, intestine and gills of Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Heterotis niloticus from Alau Dam The highest total concentrations of all the studied herbicide residues were detected in Tilapia zillii, follow by Clarias anguillaris, while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest values. The highest concentrations of all the herbicide residues were detected in the liver of Tilapia zilli and Clarias angullaris while Synodentis budgetti shows the lowest value. Also, the flesh and gills of Tilapia zilli was observed to show the highest levels of all the studied herbicides, while Clarias angullaris shows the lowest value. The values observed for herbicide residues were lower than the WHO and FAO set maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg/kg and the Acceptable Daily Intake value (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg which is considered safe for consumption as at the time of the present research work. But their presence in the fish samples also cause for concern, therefore, it is important for relevant agencies to be involve in the management of Alau Dam with respect to herbicide residues.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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