Feathers of Little Egret (<i>Egretta garzetta</i>) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne; Inoka Chinthana Perera; Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon; Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne, Inoka Chinthana Perera, Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon, Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 15 July 2019 Accepted: 22 October 2019 Published: 10 December 2019

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The objective of this study is to establish a baseline set of data for heavy metal contaminants in diverse ecosystems in Sri Lanka using bird feathers as a bio monitoring tool. During May to July 2014 heavy metal concentration (Hg, As, Cd and Pb) was assessed in bird feathers and regurgitated materials of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and water collected within the foraging areas at five heronries from three districts of Sri Lanka. A significant variation of Hg and As (p<0.05) was observed. But such a significant variation was not observed for Cd (p>0.05). Only As concentration of regurgitated materials show significantly variation between sites (p<0.05) whereas no significant variation in Hg and Cd (p>0.05). In all sites, for all four metals there were some significant variations of metal concentrations in water. Pb was only detected in water and no more in feathers and regurgitated materials. The concentration of Hg, As, Cd and Pb were generally within the normal background level and mostly below the threshold level that may affect bird survival and reproduction. According to the results of the present study, feathers of Little Egret fledglings can be used as a bio-monitoring tool to measure the bio accumulation of Hg, As and Cd except Pb with combination of metal concentration of their regurgitated materials and water that was collected from the surroundings of heronries.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
Page(s)	103-113
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioaccumulation, Heavy Metals, Little Egrets, Feathers

References

[1]	Gunawardene NR, Daniels DA, Gunatilleke I, Gunatilleke C, Karunakaran P, Nayak GK, et al. A brief overview of the Western Ghats–Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Current science. 2007; 93 (11): 1567-72.
[2]	Ileperuma O. Environmental pollution in Sri Lanka: a review. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. 2000; 28 (4): 301-25.
[3]	Batagoda B, Sugathapala A, Yalegama M, B. J. Urban Air Quality Management in Sri Lanka Colombo. Air Resource Management Center (AirMAC) Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Sri Lanka. 2004; p. iii.
[4]	National environment act. 1994.
[5]	Furness RW, Greenwood JJ. Birds as monitors of environmental change: Springer Science & Business Media; 1993.
[6]	Burger J. Metals in avian feathers: bioindicators of environmental pollution. Rev Environ Toxicol. 1993; 5: 203-311.
[7]	Kushlan JA, Hancock JA. Herons: OUP Oxford; 2005.
[8]	Mañosa S, Mateo R, Guitart R. A review of the effects of agricultural and industrial contamination on the Ebro delta biota and wildlife. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2001; 71 (2): 187-205.
[9]	Furness RW, Camphuysen KC. Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil. 1997; 54 (4): 726-37.
[10]	De Luca-Abbott SB, Wong BS, Peakall DB, Lam PK, Young L, Lam MH, et al. Review of effects of water pollution on the breeding success of waterbirds, with particular reference to ardeids in Hong Kong. Ecotoxicology. 2001; 10 (6): 327-49.
[11]	Connell D, Fung C, Minh T, Tanabe S, Lam P, Wong B, et al. Risk to breeding success of fish-eating Ardeids due to persistent organic contaminants in Hong Kong: evidence from organochlorine compounds in eggs. Water Research. 2003; 37 (2): 459-67.
[12]	Champoux L, Rodrigue J, Trudeau S, Boily MH, Spear PA, Hontela A. Contamination and biomarkers in the great blue heron, an indicator of the state of the St. Lawrence River. Ecotoxicology. 2006; 15 (1): 83-96.
[13]	Matsinos YG, Wolff W. An individual-oriented model for ecological risk assessment of wading birds. Ecological modelling. 2003; 170 (2): 471-8.
[14]	Burger J, Eichhorst B. Heavy metals and selenium in grebe eggs from Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge in northern Minnesota. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2005; 107 (1-3): 285-95.
[15]	Scheuhammer AM, Meyer MW, Sandheinrich MB, Murray MW. Effects of environmental methylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. 2007; 36 (1): 12-9.
[16]	Kotagama SW, Ratnavira G. An illustrated guide to the birds of Sri Lanka: Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka; 2010.
[17]	Custer TW, Pendleton G, Ohlendorf HM. Within-and among-clutch variation of organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night-herons. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 1990; 15 (1): 83-9.
[18]	Harrison J, Worfolk T. A field guide to the birds of Sri Lanka: Oxford University Press; 2011.
[19]	Henry GM. A guide to the birds of Sri Lanka: Oxford University Press, USA; 1998.
[20]	Edmond J, Stallard R, Craig H, Craig V, Weiss R, Coulter G. Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika. Limnology and Oceanography. 1993; 38 (4): 725-38.
[21]	Tuzen M, Soylak M. Evaluation of metal levels of drinking waters from the Tokat-Black sea region of Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2006; 15 (6): 915.
[22]	Longcore JR, Locke L, Bagley GE, Andrews R. Significance of lead residues in mallard tissues. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1974.
[23]	Johnson M, Pluck H, Hutton M, Moore G. Accumulation and renal effects of lead in urban populations of feral pigeons, Columba livia. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1982;11 (6): 761-7.
[24]	Custer TW, Franson JC, Pattee OH. Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 1984; 20 (1): 39-43.
[25]	Garcia-Fernandez AJ, Sanchez-Garcia JA, Jimenez-Montalban P, Luna A. Lead and cadmium in wild birds in southeastern Spain. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal. 1995;14(12):2049-58.
[26]	Boncompagni E, Muhammad A, Jabeen R, Orvini E, Gandini C, Sanpera C, et al. Egrets as monitors of trace-metal contamination in wetlands of Pakistan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2003; 45 (3): 399-406.
[27]	Goutner V, Furness R. Mercury in feathers of little egret Egretta garzetta and night heron Nycticorax nycticorax chicks and in their prey in the Axios Delta, Greece. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1997; 32 (2): 211-6.
[28]	Zhang Y, Ruan L, Fasola M, Boncompagni E, Dong Y, Dai N, et al. Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and trace-metal contamination in wetlands of China. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2006; 118 (1-3): 355-68.
[29]	Frederick PC, Spalding MG, Dusek R. Wading birds as bioindicators of mercury contamination in Florida, USA: annual and geographic variation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2002; 21 (1): 163-7.
[30]	Tsipoura N, Burger J, Newhouse M, Jeitner C, Gochfeld M, Mizrahi D. Lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic levels in eggs, feathers, and tissues of Canada geese of the New Jersey Meadowlands. Environmental research. 2011; 111 (6): 775-84.
[31]	Sepúlveda MS, Frederick PC, Spalding MG, Williams GE. Mercury contamination in free-ranging great egret nestlings (Ardea albus) from Southern Florida, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1999; 18 (5): 985-92.
[32]	Padula V, Burger J, Newman S, Elbin S, Jeitner C. Metals in feathers of black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) chicks from the New York Harbor Estuary. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2010; 59 (1): 157-65.
[33]	Thompson D, Furness R, Heinz G. Environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissue concentrations. Beyer, Heinz, Redmon-Norwood (Eds) New York. 1996.
[34]	Gochfeld M. Spatial patterns in a bioindicator: heavy metal and selenium concentration in eggs of Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in the New York Bight. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1997; 33 (1): 63-70.
[35]	Burger J, Gochfeld M. Spatial and temporal patterns in metal levels in eggs of common terns (Sterna hirundo) in New Jersey. Science of the Total Environment. 2003; 311 (1): 91-100.
[36]	Wolfe MF, Schwarzbach S, Sulaiman RA. Effects of mercury on wildlife: a comprehensive review. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 1998; 17 (2): 146-60.
[37]	Carty A, Malone S. The chemistry of mercury in biological systems. The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment. 1979; 3: 433-79.
[38]	Eisler R, editor Mercury hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85: 90. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Biol Rep; 1987: Citeseer.
[39]	Evers DC, Savoy LJ, DeSorbo CR, Yates DE, Hanson W, Taylor KM, et al. Adverse effects from environmental mercury loads on breeding common loons. Ecotoxicology. 2008; 17 (2): 69-81.
[40]	Staszewski T, Malawska M, Studnik-Wójcikowska B, Galera H, Wiłkomirski B. Soil and plants contamination with selected heavy metals in the area of a railway junction/Zanieczyszczenie gleby i roślin wybranymi metalami ciężkimi na terenie węzła kolejowego. Archives of Environmental Protection. 2015; 41 (1): 35-42.
[41]	Fayiga AO, Ma LQ, Zhou Q. Effects of plant arsenic uptake and heavy metals on arsenic distribution in an arsenic-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution. 2007; 147 (3): 737-42.
[42]	Nighat S, Iqbal S, Nadeem MS, Mahmood T, Shah SI. Estimation of heavy metal residues from the feathers of Falconidae, Accipitridae, and Strigidae in Punjab, Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 2013; 37 (4): 488-500.
[43]	Malik RN, Zeb N. Assessment of environmental contamination using feathers of Bubulcus ibis L., as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution, Pakistan. Ecotoxicology. 2009; 18 (5): 522-36.
[44]	Fasola M, Movalli P, Gandini C. Heavy metal, organochlorine pesticide, and PCB residues in eggs and feathers of herons breeding in northern Italy. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1998; 34 (1): 87-93.
[45]	Burger J, Gochfeld M. Heavy metal and selenium levels in feathers of young egrets and herons from Hong Kong and Szechuan, China. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1993; 25 (3): 322-7.
[46]	Burger J, Gochfeld M. Metal levels in feathers of 12 species of seabirds from Midway Atoll in the northern Pacific Ocean. Science of the Total Environment. 2000; 257 (1): 37-52.
[47]	Burger J. Heavy metal and selenium levels in feathers of Franklin's gulls in interior North America. The Auk. 1996: 399-407.
[48]	Burger J, Carlucci SA, Jeitner CW, Niles L. Habitat choice, disturbance, and management of foraging shorebirds and gulls at a migratory stopover. Journal of Coastal Research. 2007: 1159-66.
[49]	Deng H, Zhang Z, Chang C, Wang Y. Trace metal concentration in great tit (Parus major) and greenfinch (Carduelis sinica) at the Western Mountains of Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution. 2007; 148 (2): 620-6.
[50]	Kim J, Koo T-H. Heavy metal distribution in chicks of two heron species from Korea. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2008; 54 (4): 740-7.
[51]	Movalli P. Heavy metal and other residues in feathers of laggar falcon Falco biarmicus jugger from six districts of Pakistan. Environmental Pollution. 2000; 109 (2): 267-75.
[52]	Metcheva R, Yurukova L, Teodorova S, Nikolova E. The penguin feathers as bioindicator of Antarctica environmental state. Science of the total environment. 2006; 362 (1): 259-65.
[53]	Indrajith H, Pathiratne K, Pathiratne A. Heavy metal levels in two food fish speceis from Negombo estuary, Sri Lanka: Relationships with the body size. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci. 2008; 13: 63-81.
[54]	Jinadasa B, Ariyarathne D, Ahmad S. Trace metal contaminants in tissues of the Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthy smultiradiatus, (Hancock, 1828); Sri Lanka. Nature and Science. 2014; 12 (6): 1-4.
[55]	Jinadasa B, Subasinghe M, Thayalan K, Wickramasinghe I, de Silva M. Trace Metal Contents in Muscle Tissues of Inland Fish Species in the North central Province of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio Sci). 2013; 42 (2): 79-86.
[56]	Jinadasa B, Edirisinghe E, 1-14. Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Lead and Total Mercury) in Tilapia sp. in Sri Lanka. National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency of Sri Lanka. 2012; 43: 1-14.
[57]	Allinson G, Nishikawa M, De Silva S, Laurenson L, De Silva K. Observations on metal concentrations in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in reservoirs of south Sri Lanka. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2002; 51 (3): 197-202.
[58]	Allinson G, Salzman S, Turoczy N, Nishikawa M, Amarasinghe U, Nirbadha K, et al. Trace metal concentrations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in three catchments, Sri Lanka. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2009; 82 (3): 389-94.
[59]	Shahbaz M, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Yasmin A. Relationship between heavy metals concentrations in egret species, their environment and food chain differences from two Headworks of Pakistan. Chemosphere. 2013; 93 (2): 274-82.
[60]	WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO chronicle. 2011; 38: 104-8.
[61]	Jayasumana C, Paranagama P, Amarasingehe M, editors. Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Ethiology (CKDu) and Arsenic in Groundwater in Sri Lanka. Workshop on Challenges in Groundwater Management in Sri Lanka; 2011.
[62]	Kawakami W, Serikawa M. Contamination of Arsenic in Well water and rice in Sri Lanka. 2012.
[63]	Dissanayake C, Weerasooriya S, Senaratne A, Rupasinghe M. The heavy metal pollution of the Kelani River in Sri Lanka. Aqua. 1985; 2: 79-88.
[64]	Senaratne, Pathiratne. Accumulation of heavy metals in a food fish, Mystus gulio inhabiting Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci. 2007; 12: 61-75.
[65]	Bandara JMRS, Senevirathna DMAN, Dasanayake DMRSB, Herath V, Bandara JMRP, Abeysekara T, et al. Chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in Sri Lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (Tilapia). Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2008; 30 (5): 465-78.
[66]	Burger J, Gochfeld M. Metal levels in eggs of common terns (Sterna hirundo) in New Jersey: temporal trends from 1971 to 2002. Environmental Research. 2004; 94 (3): 336-43.
[67]	Dmowski K. Birds as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution: review and examples concerning European species. Acta Ornitologica. 1999; 34: 1-25.
[68]	Weyers B, Glück E, Stoeppler M. Investigation of the significance of heavy metal contents of blackbird feathers. Science of the total environment. 1988; 77 (1): 61-7.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne, Inoka Chinthana Perera, Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon, Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. (2019). Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 4(4), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne; Inoka Chinthana Perera; Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon; Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2019, 4(4), 103-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne, Inoka Chinthana Perera, Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon, Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2019;4(4):103-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14,
  author = {Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne and Inoka Chinthana Perera and Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon and Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama},
  title = {Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {103-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20190404.14},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to establish a baseline set of data for heavy metal contaminants in diverse ecosystems in Sri Lanka using bird feathers as a bio monitoring tool. During May to July 2014 heavy metal concentration (Hg, As, Cd and Pb) was assessed in bird feathers and regurgitated materials of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and water collected within the foraging areas at five heronries from three districts of Sri Lanka. A significant variation of Hg and As (pp>0.05). Only As concentration of regurgitated materials show significantly variation between sites (pp>0.05). In all sites, for all four metals there were some significant variations of metal concentrations in water. Pb was only detected in water and no more in feathers and regurgitated materials. The concentration of Hg, As, Cd and Pb were generally within the normal background level and mostly below the threshold level that may affect bird survival and reproduction. According to the results of the present study, feathers of Little Egret fledglings can be used as a bio-monitoring tool to measure the bio accumulation of Hg, As and Cd except Pb with combination of metal concentration of their regurgitated materials and water that was collected from the surroundings of heronries.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka
AU  - Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne
AU  - Inoka Chinthana Perera
AU  - Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon
AU  - Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama
Y1  - 2019/12/10
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
AB  - The objective of this study is to establish a baseline set of data for heavy metal contaminants in diverse ecosystems in Sri Lanka using bird feathers as a bio monitoring tool. During May to July 2014 heavy metal concentration (Hg, As, Cd and Pb) was assessed in bird feathers and regurgitated materials of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and water collected within the foraging areas at five heronries from three districts of Sri Lanka. A significant variation of Hg and As (pp>0.05). Only As concentration of regurgitated materials show significantly variation between sites (pp>0.05). In all sites, for all four metals there were some significant variations of metal concentrations in water. Pb was only detected in water and no more in feathers and regurgitated materials. The concentration of Hg, As, Cd and Pb were generally within the normal background level and mostly below the threshold level that may affect bird survival and reproduction. According to the results of the present study, feathers of Little Egret fledglings can be used as a bio-monitoring tool to measure the bio accumulation of Hg, As and Cd except Pb with combination of metal concentration of their regurgitated materials and water that was collected from the surroundings of heronries.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne

University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Inoka Chinthana Perera

University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon

University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama

University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne, Inoka Chinthana Perera, Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon, Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. (2019). Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 4(4), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne; Inoka Chinthana Perera; Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon; Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2019, 4(4), 103-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne, Inoka Chinthana Perera, Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon, Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama. Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2019;4(4):103-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14,
  author = {Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne and Inoka Chinthana Perera and Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon and Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama},
  title = {Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {103-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20190404.14},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to establish a baseline set of data for heavy metal contaminants in diverse ecosystems in Sri Lanka using bird feathers as a bio monitoring tool. During May to July 2014 heavy metal concentration (Hg, As, Cd and Pb) was assessed in bird feathers and regurgitated materials of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and water collected within the foraging areas at five heronries from three districts of Sri Lanka. A significant variation of Hg and As (pp>0.05). Only As concentration of regurgitated materials show significantly variation between sites (pp>0.05). In all sites, for all four metals there were some significant variations of metal concentrations in water. Pb was only detected in water and no more in feathers and regurgitated materials. The concentration of Hg, As, Cd and Pb were generally within the normal background level and mostly below the threshold level that may affect bird survival and reproduction. According to the results of the present study, feathers of Little Egret fledglings can be used as a bio-monitoring tool to measure the bio accumulation of Hg, As and Cd except Pb with combination of metal concentration of their regurgitated materials and water that was collected from the surroundings of heronries.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Feathers of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka
AU  - Ravindra Lakshantha Jayaratne
AU  - Inoka Chinthana Perera
AU  - Devaka Keerthi Weerakoon
AU  - Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama
Y1  - 2019/12/10
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190404.14
AB  - The objective of this study is to establish a baseline set of data for heavy metal contaminants in diverse ecosystems in Sri Lanka using bird feathers as a bio monitoring tool. During May to July 2014 heavy metal concentration (Hg, As, Cd and Pb) was assessed in bird feathers and regurgitated materials of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and water collected within the foraging areas at five heronries from three districts of Sri Lanka. A significant variation of Hg and As (pp>0.05). Only As concentration of regurgitated materials show significantly variation between sites (pp>0.05). In all sites, for all four metals there were some significant variations of metal concentrations in water. Pb was only detected in water and no more in feathers and regurgitated materials. The concentration of Hg, As, Cd and Pb were generally within the normal background level and mostly below the threshold level that may affect bird survival and reproduction. According to the results of the present study, feathers of Little Egret fledglings can be used as a bio-monitoring tool to measure the bio accumulation of Hg, As and Cd except Pb with combination of metal concentration of their regurgitated materials and water that was collected from the surroundings of heronries.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download