SMAD4 is a member of an intracellular signaling pathway protein family that is widely expressed in human tissues. This protein is responsible for carrying a chemical signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Since reduced SMAD4 expression leads to several tumors and neural disease, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms affecting the expression of this protein. Methylation is among the major factors that affect the expression of the SMAD4 gene. While methylation of the promoter and non-coding exons of SMAD4 gene appear to affect expression, there is no information regarding the other regions of this gene in this regard. Furthermore, cytosine methylation in mRNA is also important in gene activity. For this reason, the demonstration of possible cytosine methylation in mRNA of the SMAD4 gene may be important in understanding gene activity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential methylation regions in the exons corresponding to SMAD4 protein generation which have not been investigated before. In order to do this, we used the MethPrimer program and identified 25 single CpG sequences and a double CpGpCpG across the exons as potential methylation regions. In addition, 5 pairs of methylated/unmethylated primer sequences were designed with the same program. The study results have shown the presence of potential methylation sequences that are candidates to affect SMAD4 gene expression.
| Published in | International Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Volume 7, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13 |
| Page(s) | 55-59 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Smad4 Protein, Methylation, mRNA, PCR
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APA Style
Metin Budak, Ugur Ozkan, Mustafa Yildiz. (2019). Identification of Potential Methylation Regions of the Smad4 mRNA and Determining Primer Sequences for MS-PCR with the ‘Methprimer’ Program. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 7(3), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13
ACS Style
Metin Budak; Ugur Ozkan; Mustafa Yildiz. Identification of Potential Methylation Regions of the Smad4 mRNA and Determining Primer Sequences for MS-PCR with the ‘Methprimer’ Program. Int. J. Genet. Genomics 2019, 7(3), 55-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13
AMA Style
Metin Budak, Ugur Ozkan, Mustafa Yildiz. Identification of Potential Methylation Regions of the Smad4 mRNA and Determining Primer Sequences for MS-PCR with the ‘Methprimer’ Program. Int J Genet Genomics. 2019;7(3):55-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13,
author = {Metin Budak and Ugur Ozkan and Mustafa Yildiz},
title = {Identification of Potential Methylation Regions of the Smad4 mRNA and Determining Primer Sequences for MS-PCR with the ‘Methprimer’ Program},
journal = {International Journal of Genetics and Genomics},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {55-59},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijgg.20190703.13},
abstract = {SMAD4 is a member of an intracellular signaling pathway protein family that is widely expressed in human tissues. This protein is responsible for carrying a chemical signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Since reduced SMAD4 expression leads to several tumors and neural disease, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms affecting the expression of this protein. Methylation is among the major factors that affect the expression of the SMAD4 gene. While methylation of the promoter and non-coding exons of SMAD4 gene appear to affect expression, there is no information regarding the other regions of this gene in this regard. Furthermore, cytosine methylation in mRNA is also important in gene activity. For this reason, the demonstration of possible cytosine methylation in mRNA of the SMAD4 gene may be important in understanding gene activity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential methylation regions in the exons corresponding to SMAD4 protein generation which have not been investigated before. In order to do this, we used the MethPrimer program and identified 25 single CpG sequences and a double CpGpCpG across the exons as potential methylation regions. In addition, 5 pairs of methylated/unmethylated primer sequences were designed with the same program. The study results have shown the presence of potential methylation sequences that are candidates to affect SMAD4 gene expression.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Potential Methylation Regions of the Smad4 mRNA and Determining Primer Sequences for MS-PCR with the ‘Methprimer’ Program AU - Metin Budak AU - Ugur Ozkan AU - Mustafa Yildiz Y1 - 2019/08/20 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13 T2 - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics JF - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics JO - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-7359 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20190703.13 AB - SMAD4 is a member of an intracellular signaling pathway protein family that is widely expressed in human tissues. This protein is responsible for carrying a chemical signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Since reduced SMAD4 expression leads to several tumors and neural disease, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms affecting the expression of this protein. Methylation is among the major factors that affect the expression of the SMAD4 gene. While methylation of the promoter and non-coding exons of SMAD4 gene appear to affect expression, there is no information regarding the other regions of this gene in this regard. Furthermore, cytosine methylation in mRNA is also important in gene activity. For this reason, the demonstration of possible cytosine methylation in mRNA of the SMAD4 gene may be important in understanding gene activity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential methylation regions in the exons corresponding to SMAD4 protein generation which have not been investigated before. In order to do this, we used the MethPrimer program and identified 25 single CpG sequences and a double CpGpCpG across the exons as potential methylation regions. In addition, 5 pairs of methylated/unmethylated primer sequences were designed with the same program. The study results have shown the presence of potential methylation sequences that are candidates to affect SMAD4 gene expression. VL - 7 IS - 3 ER -
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