Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi; Akpa Maclean Rumokere; Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi, Akpa Maclean Rumokere, Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye

Published in International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 6 May 2020 Accepted: 29 May 2020 Published: 9 June 2020

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Abstract

Infection with HIV is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while therapeutic use of HAART has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic derangements which may have potentially damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. The study was carried out to assess the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities among HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV patients. This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred (100) HIV seropositive subjects and 100 age and sex matched controls to assess cardiovascular risk among HIV seropositive persons in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results showed that the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among the cases was 49 (49%) compared to 42 (42%) of the controls (c2=0.020, p=0.886). Sinus tachycardia was the most common ECG abnormality in all study participants and was present in 37 (37%) of the control subjects when compared to 21 (21%) of the cases and this was statistically significant. T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval were the next two most prevalent findings seen in 23% and 18% of the cases compared with 8% and 5% of the controls respectively and these were also statistically significant (p=0.004 and 0.003 respectively). Among the cases 10% had grade 1-2 diastolic dysfunctions compared with 23% of the controls and this was statistically significant (p=0.013). Ninety percent (90%) however had normal diastolic function compared with 77% of the controls. Systolic dysfunction was found in only 2% of the HAART experienced cases compared to 10 (10%) of the HAART naïve controls and this was also statistically significant (p=0.017). The study showed that electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are common in HIV seropositive patients with ECG abnormalities being more common among the HAART treated subjects. These ECG & ECHO abnormalities generally increase the cardiovascular risk profile of PLWHIV/AIDS and are independent predictors of CV mortality hence the need for prompt diagnosis and interventions.

Published in	International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
Page(s)	15-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV, HAART, Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram

References

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APA Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi, Akpa Maclean Rumokere, Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. (2020). Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 6(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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ACS Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi; Akpa Maclean Rumokere; Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2020, 6(1), 15-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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AMA Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi, Akpa Maclean Rumokere, Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2020;6(1):15-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13,
  author = {Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi and Akpa Maclean Rumokere and Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye},
  title = {Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  abstract = {Infection with HIV is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while therapeutic use of HAART has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic derangements which may have potentially damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. The study was carried out to assess the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities among HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV patients. This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred (100) HIV seropositive subjects and 100 age and sex matched controls to assess cardiovascular risk among HIV seropositive persons in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results showed that the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among the cases was 49 (49%) compared to 42 (42%) of the controls (c2=0.020, p=0.886). Sinus tachycardia was the most common ECG abnormality in all study participants and was present in 37 (37%) of the control subjects when compared to 21 (21%) of the cases and this was statistically significant. T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval were the next two most prevalent findings seen in 23% and 18% of the cases compared with 8% and 5% of the controls respectively and these were also statistically significant (p=0.004 and 0.003 respectively). Among the cases 10% had grade 1-2 diastolic dysfunctions compared with 23% of the controls and this was statistically significant (p=0.013). Ninety percent (90%) however had normal diastolic function compared with 77% of the controls. Systolic dysfunction was found in only 2% of the HAART experienced cases compared to 10 (10%) of the HAART naïve controls and this was also statistically significant (p=0.017). The study showed that electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are common in HIV seropositive patients with ECG abnormalities being more common among the HAART treated subjects. These ECG & ECHO abnormalities generally increase the cardiovascular risk profile of PLWHIV/AIDS and are independent predictors of CV mortality hence the need for prompt diagnosis and interventions.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
AU  - Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi
AU  - Akpa Maclean Rumokere
AU  - Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
T2  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JF  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JO  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
SP  - 15
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5765
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
AB  - Infection with HIV is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while therapeutic use of HAART has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic derangements which may have potentially damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. The study was carried out to assess the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities among HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV patients. This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred (100) HIV seropositive subjects and 100 age and sex matched controls to assess cardiovascular risk among HIV seropositive persons in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results showed that the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among the cases was 49 (49%) compared to 42 (42%) of the controls (c2=0.020, p=0.886). Sinus tachycardia was the most common ECG abnormality in all study participants and was present in 37 (37%) of the control subjects when compared to 21 (21%) of the cases and this was statistically significant. T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval were the next two most prevalent findings seen in 23% and 18% of the cases compared with 8% and 5% of the controls respectively and these were also statistically significant (p=0.004 and 0.003 respectively). Among the cases 10% had grade 1-2 diastolic dysfunctions compared with 23% of the controls and this was statistically significant (p=0.013). Ninety percent (90%) however had normal diastolic function compared with 77% of the controls. Systolic dysfunction was found in only 2% of the HAART experienced cases compared to 10 (10%) of the HAART naïve controls and this was also statistically significant (p=0.017). The study showed that electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are common in HIV seropositive patients with ECG abnormalities being more common among the HAART treated subjects. These ECG & ECHO abnormalities generally increase the cardiovascular risk profile of PLWHIV/AIDS and are independent predictors of CV mortality hence the need for prompt diagnosis and interventions.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Akpa Maclean Rumokere

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi, Akpa Maclean Rumokere, Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. (2020). Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 6(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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ACS Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi; Akpa Maclean Rumokere; Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2020, 6(1), 15-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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AMA Style

Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi, Akpa Maclean Rumokere, Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye. Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2020;6(1):15-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13,
  author = {Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi and Akpa Maclean Rumokere and Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye},
  title = {Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20200601.13},
  abstract = {Infection with HIV is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while therapeutic use of HAART has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic derangements which may have potentially damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. The study was carried out to assess the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities among HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV patients. This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred (100) HIV seropositive subjects and 100 age and sex matched controls to assess cardiovascular risk among HIV seropositive persons in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results showed that the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among the cases was 49 (49%) compared to 42 (42%) of the controls (c2=0.020, p=0.886). Sinus tachycardia was the most common ECG abnormality in all study participants and was present in 37 (37%) of the control subjects when compared to 21 (21%) of the cases and this was statistically significant. T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval were the next two most prevalent findings seen in 23% and 18% of the cases compared with 8% and 5% of the controls respectively and these were also statistically significant (p=0.004 and 0.003 respectively). Among the cases 10% had grade 1-2 diastolic dysfunctions compared with 23% of the controls and this was statistically significant (p=0.013). Ninety percent (90%) however had normal diastolic function compared with 77% of the controls. Systolic dysfunction was found in only 2% of the HAART experienced cases compared to 10 (10%) of the HAART naïve controls and this was also statistically significant (p=0.017). The study showed that electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are common in HIV seropositive patients with ECG abnormalities being more common among the HAART treated subjects. These ECG & ECHO abnormalities generally increase the cardiovascular risk profile of PLWHIV/AIDS and are independent predictors of CV mortality hence the need for prompt diagnosis and interventions.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pattern of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among HIV Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
AU  - Ajala Aisha Oluwabunmi
AU  - Akpa Maclean Rumokere
AU  - Dodiyi-Manuel Sotonye
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
T2  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JF  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JO  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
SP  - 15
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5765
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20200601.13
AB  - Infection with HIV is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while therapeutic use of HAART has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic derangements which may have potentially damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. The study was carried out to assess the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities among HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV patients. This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred (100) HIV seropositive subjects and 100 age and sex matched controls to assess cardiovascular risk among HIV seropositive persons in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results showed that the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among the cases was 49 (49%) compared to 42 (42%) of the controls (c2=0.020, p=0.886). Sinus tachycardia was the most common ECG abnormality in all study participants and was present in 37 (37%) of the control subjects when compared to 21 (21%) of the cases and this was statistically significant. T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval were the next two most prevalent findings seen in 23% and 18% of the cases compared with 8% and 5% of the controls respectively and these were also statistically significant (p=0.004 and 0.003 respectively). Among the cases 10% had grade 1-2 diastolic dysfunctions compared with 23% of the controls and this was statistically significant (p=0.013). Ninety percent (90%) however had normal diastolic function compared with 77% of the controls. Systolic dysfunction was found in only 2% of the HAART experienced cases compared to 10 (10%) of the HAART naïve controls and this was also statistically significant (p=0.017). The study showed that electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are common in HIV seropositive patients with ECG abnormalities being more common among the HAART treated subjects. These ECG & ECHO abnormalities generally increase the cardiovascular risk profile of PLWHIV/AIDS and are independent predictors of CV mortality hence the need for prompt diagnosis and interventions.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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