Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Bagbi Baribefe Monday; Ukwe Chinwe Victoria; Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Bagbi Baribefe Monday, Ukwe Chinwe Victoria, Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 14 December 2021 Accepted: 4 January 2022 Published: 12 January 2022

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Abstract

Malaria is still a threat to public health till date in all malaria endemic regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden with malaria being the 2^nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. Assessment of drug use patterns is becoming increasingly necessary toward promoting rational use of drugs globally. Misuse of drugs occurs in all countries and irrational practices are especially common and costly in developing countries. The study investigated the level of antimalarial drug utilization amongst Teaching and non-Teaching staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and malaria preventive practices of three hundred and sixty seven (367) respondents gotten from amongst the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of the University. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis. Chi squared test was used to assess relationships. The study revealed that three hundred and forty four (93.7%) of the Staff frequently treated malaria with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) while monotherapy stood at 3.6%. Most of the Staff also had a good knowledge of symptoms of malaria and got treatment from authorized sources such as hospitals and pharmacies. Eighty six (23.4%) of the Staff do not complete the treatment regimen. The major preventive practices prevalent among the study group are covering home windows with net (91%) and spraying of insecticides (86.7%). ACTs are the most predominantly used antimalarial amongst staffers of the University. If drug utilization pattern of anti-malarial drugs is however not monitored, there is the possibility of early emergence of resistance to the highly effective anti-malarial drugs presently in use.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antimalarial, Monotherapy, Drug Utilization Pattern

References

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[2]	WHO. Global Malaria Program. Artemisinin resistance and Artemisinin – based combination therapy efficacy. Status Report, 2018.
[3]	WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of Malaria. 3^rd edition (2015). Accessed at http://who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/162441/1/9789241549127_eng.pdf.
[4]	FMOH. National Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria. 3^rd edition, 2015.
[5]	Enwere OO, Falade CO, Salako BL. Drug Prescribing Pattern at the Medical Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-west Nigeria. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: 1244–9.
[6]	Ghimire S, Nepal S, Bhandari S, Nepal P, Palaian S. A prospective surveillance of drug prescribing and dispensing in a teaching hospital in western Nepal. J Pak Med Assoc 2009; 59: 726-31.
[7]	Chukwuani CM, Onifade M, Sumonu K. Survey of drug use practices and antibiotic prescribing pattern at a general hospital in Nigeria. Pharm World Sci 2002; 24: 188-95.
[8]	Okoh A. An assessment of rational drug use in public tertiary hospital in Edo state. Nigeria. Geneva Health Forum, GHF, Research Project; 2012.
[9]	Oshikoya K A and Senbanjo I. O. (2008). Fever in children: Mothers’ perception and their home management. Iranian Journal of Paediatrics. Vol 18 (3): 229–236.
[10]	A. N. O. Dodoo, C. Fogg, A. Asiimwe, E. T. Nartey and A Kodua (2009). Pattern of Drug Utilization for the Treatment of Uncomplicated malaria in urban Ghana following National Treatment Policy change to Artemisinin Combination. Malaria Journal, 2009.
[11]	C. C. Ezenduka, B. O. Ogbonna, O. I. Ekwunife, M. J. Okonta. (2014). Drug use Pattern for uncomplicated malaria in Medicine Retail Outlets in Enugu urban, South East Nigeria: Implications for Malaria Treatment Policy. Malaria Journal 13, 243 (2014).
[12]	Monday Tola, Ojo Oreoluwa, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, Esther O Iyede, Olusegun Omidiji, Taiwo Sampson Awolola. (2017). Antimalarial medicine Preference and Usage in rural and peri-urban communities in Lagos and Osun States in south-western Nigeria. Semantic Scholar, 2017. Corpus I D: 38436793.
[13]	Kenedy Diema Konlan, Hubert Amu, Dodan Konlan and Milipaak Japiong. (2019). Awareness and Malaria prevention practices in Rural community in the Ho Municipality, Ghana. Interdisciplinary Perspective on Infectious Diseases. Accessed at http://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9365823.
[14]	K. N. Opara, I. A. Atting, I. G. Ukpong, A. A. Nwabueze and I. I. Inokon (2006). Susceptibility of Genetic Indices to Falciparum Malaria in Infants and Young Children in Southern Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. Issue 3 (9): 452–456. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2006.452.456.
[15]	O. Ifeoluwa Akanni, J. O. Ehinmidu and R. O. Bolaji (2019). Evaluation of antimalarial prescription pattern and susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Kaduna, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. Vol. 13, No. 7 (2019). DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.34.

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Bagbi Baribefe Monday, Ukwe Chinwe Victoria, Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. (2022). Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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ACS Style

Bagbi Baribefe Monday; Ukwe Chinwe Victoria; Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2022, 7(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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AMA Style

Bagbi Baribefe Monday, Ukwe Chinwe Victoria, Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2022;7(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11,
  author = {Bagbi Baribefe Monday and Ukwe Chinwe Victoria and Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu},
  title = {Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  abstract = {Malaria is still a threat to public health till date in all malaria endemic regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden with malaria being the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. Assessment of drug use patterns is becoming increasingly necessary toward promoting rational use of drugs globally. Misuse of drugs occurs in all countries and irrational practices are especially common and costly in developing countries. The study investigated the level of antimalarial drug utilization amongst Teaching and non-Teaching staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and malaria preventive practices of three hundred and sixty seven (367) respondents gotten from amongst the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of the University. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis. Chi squared test was used to assess relationships. The study revealed that three hundred and forty four (93.7%) of the Staff frequently treated malaria with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) while monotherapy stood at 3.6%. Most of the Staff also had a good knowledge of symptoms of malaria and got treatment from authorized sources such as hospitals and pharmacies. Eighty six (23.4%) of the Staff do not complete the treatment regimen. The major preventive practices prevalent among the study group are covering home windows with net (91%) and spraying of insecticides (86.7%). ACTs are the most predominantly used antimalarial amongst staffers of the University. If drug utilization pattern of anti-malarial drugs is however not monitored, there is the possibility of early emergence of resistance to the highly effective anti-malarial drugs presently in use.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
AU - Bagbi Baribefe Monday
AU - Ukwe Chinwe Victoria
AU - Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu
Y1 - 2022/01/12
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11
AB - Malaria is still a threat to public health till date in all malaria endemic regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden with malaria being the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. Assessment of drug use patterns is becoming increasingly necessary toward promoting rational use of drugs globally. Misuse of drugs occurs in all countries and irrational practices are especially common and costly in developing countries. The study investigated the level of antimalarial drug utilization amongst Teaching and non-Teaching staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and malaria preventive practices of three hundred and sixty seven (367) respondents gotten from amongst the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of the University. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis. Chi squared test was used to assess relationships. The study revealed that three hundred and forty four (93.7%) of the Staff frequently treated malaria with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) while monotherapy stood at 3.6%. Most of the Staff also had a good knowledge of symptoms of malaria and got treatment from authorized sources such as hospitals and pharmacies. Eighty six (23.4%) of the Staff do not complete the treatment regimen. The major preventive practices prevalent among the study group are covering home windows with net (91%) and spraying of insecticides (86.7%). ACTs are the most predominantly used antimalarial amongst staffers of the University. If drug utilization pattern of anti-malarial drugs is however not monitored, there is the possibility of early emergence of resistance to the highly effective anti-malarial drugs presently in use.
VL - 7
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Bagbi Baribefe Monday

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
Ukwe Chinwe Victoria

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Bagbi Baribefe Monday, Ukwe Chinwe Victoria, Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. (2022). Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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ACS Style

Bagbi Baribefe Monday; Ukwe Chinwe Victoria; Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2022, 7(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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AMA Style

Bagbi Baribefe Monday, Ukwe Chinwe Victoria, Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu. Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2022;7(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11,
  author = {Bagbi Baribefe Monday and Ukwe Chinwe Victoria and Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu},
  title = {Level of Antimalarial Drug Utilization Amongst Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20220701.11},
  abstract = {Malaria is still a threat to public health till date in all malaria endemic regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden with malaria being the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. Assessment of drug use patterns is becoming increasingly necessary toward promoting rational use of drugs globally. Misuse of drugs occurs in all countries and irrational practices are especially common and costly in developing countries. The study investigated the level of antimalarial drug utilization amongst Teaching and non-Teaching staff of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and malaria preventive practices of three hundred and sixty seven (367) respondents gotten from amongst the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of the University. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis. Chi squared test was used to assess relationships. The study revealed that three hundred and forty four (93.7%) of the Staff frequently treated malaria with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) while monotherapy stood at 3.6%. Most of the Staff also had a good knowledge of symptoms of malaria and got treatment from authorized sources such as hospitals and pharmacies. Eighty six (23.4%) of the Staff do not complete the treatment regimen. The major preventive practices prevalent among the study group are covering home windows with net (91%) and spraying of insecticides (86.7%). ACTs are the most predominantly used antimalarial amongst staffers of the University. If drug utilization pattern of anti-malarial drugs is however not monitored, there is the possibility of early emergence of resistance to the highly effective anti-malarial drugs presently in use.},
 year = {2022}
}

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