Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie; Kamangu Ntambwe Eric; Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain; Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, Kamangu Ntambwe Eric, Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain, Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 16 May 2023 Published: 29 May 2023

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Abstract

Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with P<0.05 statistical significance. Results: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
Page(s)	63-68
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Virological Profile, Associated Cardiometabolic Risks, Non-Adherence to HAART, HIV/AIDS

References

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Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. (2023). Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 8(2), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2023, 8(2), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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AMA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2023;8(2):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13,
  author = {Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold and Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie and Longo-Mbenza Benjamin and Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis and Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie and Kamangu Ntambwe Eric and Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain and Kisoka Lusunsi Christian},
  title = {Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  abstract = {Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with PResults: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa
AU  - Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold
AU  - Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie
AU  - Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
AU  - Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis
AU  - Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie
AU  - Kamangu Ntambwe Eric
AU  - Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain
AU  - Kisoka Lusunsi Christian
Y1  - 2023/05/29
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 63
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
AB  - Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with PResults: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Longo-Mbenza Benjamin

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis

Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie

Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kamangu Ntambwe Eric

Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain

Mother and Child Center of Bumbu, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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APA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. (2023). Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 8(2), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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ACS Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2023, 8(2), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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AMA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2023;8(2):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13,
  author = {Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold and Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie and Longo-Mbenza Benjamin and Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis and Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie and Kamangu Ntambwe Eric and Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain and Kisoka Lusunsi Christian},
  title = {Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20230802.13},
  abstract = {Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with PResults: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa
AU  - Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold
AU  - Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie
AU  - Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
AU  - Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis
AU  - Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie
AU  - Kamangu Ntambwe Eric
AU  - Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain
AU  - Kisoka Lusunsi Christian
Y1  - 2023/05/29
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 63
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230802.13
AB  - Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with PResults: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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