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The Association Between Malaria Parasitaemia, Intestinal Parasite and Anemia in Children Less Than 6 Month in Senegal: A Cross Sectional Survey
Lelo Souleye,
Gueye Aly,
Sylla Khadime,
Ndiaye Magatte,
Sow Doudou,
Syll Massamba,
Fall Cheikh Binetou,
Manga Isaac Akhenton,
Ndiaye Jean Louis,
Gaye Oumar,
Tine Roger Clement,
Faye Babacar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
50-56
Received:
21 April 2023
Accepted:
15 May 2023
Published:
25 May 2023
Abstract: Introduction: Although malaria is declining in many countries in Africa, malaria and anaemia remain frequent in children. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between malaria parasitaemia, intestinal worms, and anaemia, in children <6 months living in low transmission area in Senegal. Methods: A survey was carried out in Lamarame in the central part of Senegal. A cross sectional survey was used to select study participant. Children <6 months were enrolled after informed consent. For each child, blood thick and smear tests were performed, haemoglobin concentration was measured with HemoCue, and stool samples were collected and examined using the Ritchie technique. Result: A total of 162 children were recruited. Malaria parasite prevalence was 0.75% (0.7–2.6); anaemia was found in 16.7% (11.3–23.3), while intestinal parasites and stunting represented 25.4% (18.5–33.4) and 22% (18.6–25.5), respectively. The association was found between intestinal parasites and anaemia OR=1.1 (0.3-3.4). Conclusion: Malaria and anaemia remain closely associated even when malaria is declining. Scaling up antimalarial interventions may contribute to eliminate malaria and reduce the occurrence of anaemia among children.
Abstract: Introduction: Although malaria is declining in many countries in Africa, malaria and anaemia remain frequent in children. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between malaria parasitaemia, intestinal worms, and anaemia, in children ...
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Sero-Prevalence and Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Healthcare Workers of a Private Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Mubashir Ahmed,
Talat Parveen Shah,
Muhammad Shahid,
Khalid Iqbal
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
57-62
Received:
4 February 2023
Accepted:
8 May 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV transmission due to occupational exposure to injuries, from sharp needles, and scalpels during the execution of their health care duties. We aimed to assess HCV sero-prevalence, and possible risk factors of HCV among HCWs of Kharadar General Hospital, Karachi. Total 300 HCWs were included in the study. Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected through rapid diagnostic test (RDT) then HCV-Ribo-nucleic Acid (RNA) was detected among RDT positive HCWs by using GeneXpert. Structure questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 19. Correlation was seen between HCV determinants and positivity by using Pearson chi-square test. A p value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Total 300 HCWs were screened for HCV. Mean age of participants was 30.19 ± 10.55 years and 179 (60%) were female. Both Sero-prevalence and Viraemic prevalence was reported 3 (1%) among study HCWs. Occupational exposure through needle stick injury (NSI) was reported among 172 (57%) HCWs and commonly seen in nursing staff 88 (68.7%), especially at ER 13 (72%). Other significant non-occupational risk factors were ear/nose piercing 175 (58%), dental and surgical procedures 166 (55%). Frequency of HCV among HCWs of study hospital was low, despite high occupational exposure of NSI. Study findings can be used for future prevention of occupational exposure of HCV among HCWs by developing and implementing standard operational procedures and policies.
Abstract: Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV transmission due to occupational exposure to injuries, from sharp needles, and scalpels during the execution of their health care duties. We aimed to assess HCV sero-prevalence, and possible risk factors of HCV among HCWs of Kharadar ...
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Clinico-Biological and Immuno-Virological Profile of People Living with HIV Non-Adhering to HAART at the Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, South Africa
Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold,
Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie,
Longo-Mbenza Benjamin,
Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis,
Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie,
Kamangu Ntambwe Eric,
Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain,
Kisoka Lusunsi Christian
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
63-68
Received:
28 April 2023
Accepted:
16 May 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunological and virological parameters. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at the Lerato Clinic at Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, from September 2019 to December 2019. Included for participation were those over 18 years of age, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic during this period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A sample of 278 participants was selected. A non-adherence threshold of >5% was considered high, with P<0.05 statistical significance. Results: A sample of 278 participants was considered. Of these, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were non-adherent to HAART. Clinico-biologically and immunobiologically, this category had high averages of Systolic blood pressure, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), CRP and Viral load. While the mean values for diatolic blood pressure (DBP), CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were lower. Conclusion: Patients receiving HAART but not adhering to it have a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring of patients on HAART to avoid non-compliance is imperative to detect these risk factors and allow for early initiation of treatment.
Abstract: Background and objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a mainstay in the management of PLWHIV, improving survival. However, since its advent and its side effects, the problem of adherence to this therapy arises... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of non-adherence to HAART on clinical, biological, immunol...
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Prevalence of Virologic Failure and Determinants Among Adults on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia
Helen Assefa Mekonnen,
Fantu Mamo Aregaw,
Tesfaye Yesuf,
Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
69-79
Received:
14 February 2023
Accepted:
22 May 2023
Published:
31 May 2023
Abstract: Introduction: Even though first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a profound reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) and AIDS related deaths, it is challenged by virologic failure, which predisposes patients to a new or recurrent clinical condition and, as a result, affects their quality of life and increases HIV-associated mortality. Therefore, understanding the burden of virologic failure and its determinants helps with early prevention and improvement of the quality of life. However, the prevalence of virologic failure and its associated factors among adult patients on first-line ART at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital is not well understood. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of virologic failure and identifying its contributing factors among HIV-positive adults receiving first-line ART at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 adults who had started ART from February 8, 2017, to February 7, 2022. After selecting a computer-generated simple random sampling technique, data on patients' socio-demographic, behavioral, clinical, and ART-related factors were collected through a review of medical charts. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors with virologic failure, and an AOR with a 95% CI at P less than or equal to 0.05 was used to declare the association. Results: The prevalence of virologic failure was 13.6% (95% CI: 10.4%- 17.2%). Significant associated factors for virological failure were smoking cigarettes (AOR 4.76, 95% CI: 1.06-21.38), HIV non-disclosure (AOR 4.56, 95% CI: 1.6- 2.46), presence of stigma and discrimination (AOR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.14-7.39), having baseline OIs (AOR 6.66, 95% CI: 1.94-22.90), not taking CPT (AOR 3.21, 95% CI: 1.12-9.18), treatment interruption (AOR 2.97, 95% CI: 1.11-7.94), loss to follow-up (AOR 9.03, 95% CI: 3.08-26.47), fair or poor adherence status for ART (AOR 3.409, 95% CI: 1.26-9.24). Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of virologic failure was in line with the national prevalence. Smoking cigarettes, HIV non-disclosure, baseline OIs, suboptimal adherence, loss to follow-up, treatment interruption, not taking CPT, and taking additional medication were significantly associated with virological failure. Therefore, special attention should be given to those individuals who have the above factors to minimize and prevent virologic failure.
Abstract: Introduction: Even though first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a profound reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) and AIDS related deaths, it is challenged by virologic failure, which predisposes patients to a new or recurrent clinical condition and, as a result, affects their quality of life and increases HIV-ass...
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