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Investigation and Analysis of a Cluster, of Influenza-like Cases in an Ethnic High School in Jingxi City, Guangxi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
45-49
Received:
11 March 2021
Accepted:
26 March 2021
Published:
1 April 2021
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of influenza-like cases in a national high school in Jingxi City, Guangxi, to provide a basis for formulating influenza prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods are used to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like cases. Results: A total of 48 student influenza-like cases were reported from April 8 to 21,2020, with an attack rate of 4.46% (48/1076), 20 males and 28 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4; the main clinical feature is fever Accompanied by sore throat, cough, dry throat, sore throat, tonsil enlargement and other respiratory symptoms. The patient’s boby temperature was as high as 38.9°C, There were 15 people at 38.6-38.9°C, accounting for 31.25%, and 33 people at 38.0-38.5°C, accounting for 67.75%. The time of onset was April 14 with the largest number of patients, accounting for 18.75%. The incidence class was based on 2017 (15), The number of patients in the class was the largest, accounting for 16.67%. The age of onset was the largest in the 18-year-old age group, accounting for 72.92%; three batches of throat swab specimens from some patients were collected, a total of 29 people were sent to the Guangxi Baise City Center for Disease Control and prevention for experiment Laboratory tests showed that all samples in the three batches were negative for the nucleic acid test of the new coronavirus pneumonia virus and the influenza virus. Conclusion: According to the epidemiological characteristics, combined with the patient’s clinical manifestations and laboratory test results, the epidemic was determined to be a cluster of influenza-like cases. After timely prevention and control measures were taken, the epidemic was effectively controlled.
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of influenza-like cases in a national high school in Jingxi City, Guangxi, to provide a basis for formulating influenza prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods are used to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics ...
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SARS CoV-2 Second Wave: Enlightening Nigerians About Latest SARS CoV-2 Variants and the Clinical Manifestation of the Viral Infection in Different Disease Conditions
Sunday Zeal Bala,
Miracle Livinus,
Madinat Hassan,
Solomon Bitrus
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
50-60
Received:
7 April 2021
Accepted:
22 April 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a virus that was discovered in the Chinese ancient city of Wuhan in December, 2019 in patients reported with pneumonia, shortness of breath and fever. Common symptoms of the virus include dry cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, tiredness, and fever etc. Coronaviruses are single RNA-enveloped positive-sense viruses of ~30kb. They are classified into different genera based on their genomic structure as α, β, γ, and δ genera. Only the α and β genera of coronavirus can be transmitted to mammals. The recent SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the β family of coronavirus. The mode of transmission is basically via droplets from the nose or mouth of an infected person. The virus has a life cycle comprises of 5 steps; cellular attachment, invasion, replication, viral maturation and cellular escape. The mode of cellular invasion is via binding of the spike protein to angiotensin converting enzymes 2 receptor (ACE2). Knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike protein, in conjunction with immunological alterations are the most promising targets for vaccine development. Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms is very vital to the understanding of the disease. Since the inception of the virus, researchers have tried to accumulates the mild and severe symptoms of the disease in different pathological condition. The recent sharp increase in the infection rate based on the number of confirmed cases in some part of the world is worrisome, thus it has been perceived as the second wave of the virus. The second wave might last longer than expected, therefore, it is imperative to enlighten Nigerians on the immunological alteration of this virus, alongside the clinical manifestations that can arise due to SARS-CoV-2 infection – from infants to elderly; from asymptomatic patients, mild to severe cases and in patients with preexisting medical condition. Likewise, public awareness of the different strains of SARS-CoV-19 is lacking. There is little or no comprehensive research on the different variants of the coronavirus and their impending impact on the global community.
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a virus that was discovered in the Chinese ancient city of Wuhan in December, 2019 in patients reported with pneumonia, shortness of breath and fever. Common symptoms of the virus include dry cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, tiredness, and fever etc. Coronavir...
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Epidemic of Legionella Pneumophila Pneumonia South of Brescia (Italy)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
61-64
Received:
8 April 2021
Accepted:
5 May 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: In September 2018, a serious epidemic of Legionella Pneumophila serotypes 1-2-14, diagnosed by the Istituto Superiore Sanità (ISS), occurred in the low plain south of Brescia. This resulted in a considerable number of hospitalizations in the hospitals of the ATS of Brescia and Valpadana (Mantua) with high mortality rate. It was an anomalous situation both for the spread and for the Legionella serotypes which alarmed the Istituto Superiore Sanità and the local health structures. This epidemic is an expressions of the malaise of the geographical area in question caused by the impact of various environmental degradations. Some environmental criticalities: 1-the low water flow of the Chiese river in the summer of 2018 due to the exploitation of water by intensive agriculture and the presence of 22 hydroelectric power plants along its course. 2-the presence of numerous industrial cooling towers with a lack of mapping of the same towers by the political bodies (Region and Municipalities). 3-the abnormal disposal of sludge on the countryside surrounding the agricultural area adjacent to the river bed of the Chiese river as a consequence of the enormous production of livestock waste by pig, cattle and chicken farms in the same area. 4-In the lower Brescia plain there are numerous disposal companies that receive sewage sludge from 15 regions of Italy and also from abroad. 5-different and numerous types of landfills in the municipalities of Montichiari, Rezzato, Ghedi, Calcinato and Bedizzole filled with 12 million cubic meters of toxic-harmful waste. 6- the Lombardy region allows an excessive number of CERs (Catalog European Waste). It concludes by emphasizing how everyone, citizens and institutions, have a great responsibility in the management of the territory and a change of direction is hoped for an economy that has reached limits that it can no longer tolerate. This calls the various responsibilities of Politics, Public Health, the industrial and agricultural world in the management of a territory that continues to send signs of suffering and which is reflected on the health of men, animals and the plant world.
Abstract: In September 2018, a serious epidemic of Legionella Pneumophila serotypes 1-2-14, diagnosed by the Istituto Superiore Sanità (ISS), occurred in the low plain south of Brescia. This resulted in a considerable number of hospitalizations in the hospitals of the ATS of Brescia and Valpadana (Mantua) with high mortality rate. It was an anomalous situati...
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Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Proteus spp. in Burn Wound Infection of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajshahi
Anika Tasnim,
Md. Shah Alam,
Md. Abdullah Yusuf,
Fazlay Akbar Khan,
Jannatul Ferdose,
Mahmuda Sultana
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
65-68
Received:
29 April 2021
Accepted:
27 May 2021
Published:
4 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging public health issue in all over the world especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR Proteus species in burn wound infected patients admitted in Burn and Plastic Surgery Unit, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Microbiology Department of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 212 wound swabs were collected and processed as per standard protocol from January to December 2016 for a period of one year. The isolation and identification of Proteus species was done by conventional microbiological process and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The Proteus species was further classified into MDR on the basis of standardised international criteria. Result: Among the 196 isolates from 212 wound swabs, Proteus spp. was the 2nd most frequent isolated organism (23.47%) following Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.18%). Two species of Proteus were identified; Proteus mirabilis (65.22%) and Proteus vulgaris (34.78%). More than 75.0% Proteus spp. showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone where meropenem was the highest sensitive drug (>93%). MDR Proteus spp. were 63.04% among which Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris were 60% & 68.75% MDR respectively. Conclusion: This study culminates the high prevalence of MDR Proteus spp. in Burn Unit of RMCH and decreased sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore a greater emphasis on prevention of MDR bacterial colonization and antibiotic stewardship are imperative.
Abstract: Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging public health issue in all over the world especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR Proteus species in burn wound infected patients admitted in Burn and Plastic Surgery Unit, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (...
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Utility of PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L and N% in Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia in Adults: Based on the Data of 199 Bacterial Pneumonia
Jin Hua,
Ma Nanzhen,
Bai Haihua,
Wu Nanding,
Zhang Liping,
Liu Guoli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
69-74
Received:
26 May 2021
Accepted:
8 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: In the background of inefficient indicators for early diagnosis of pneumonia in adults, Objective Explore the utility of PCT, CRP, CD64 and Routine Blood Parameter in diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults. Methods From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, 191 adult bacterial pneumonia patients diagnosed and treated in the affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and 99 healthy people were selected as study subjects. A total of 191 adult bacterial pneumonia patients were treated as the case group, and 99 healthy physical examination patients were treated as the control group. PCT, CRP, CD64 and blood routine test parameters were compared between them. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the differential factors of adult bacterial pneumonia, and ROC curve was used to analyze the effectiveness of each indicator in the differential diagnosis of adult bacterial pneumonia. Results PCT (4.95±2.462), CRP (33.53±9.342), CD64 (9.26±4.023), N/L (9.54±3.878) and N% (1.16±0.632) in the case group were significantly higher than (0.22±0.059), (3.29±1.712), (1.91±0.600), (2.66±0.665) and (0.66±0.158), those of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in other indicators. Adult bacterial pneumonia was significantly correlated with PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L and N%, but not with WBC. PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L and N% were correlated with each other, and the correlation was statistically significant. The results of multiple linear regression model showed that PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L and N% indexes were used for the differential diagnosis of adult bacterial pneumonia are trustworthy. The AUC (95%CI) of PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L, and N% were 0.916 (0.877, 0.954), 0.995 (0.000, 1.000), 0.980 (0.962, 0.997), 0.949 (0.921, 0.976), and 0.865 (0.822, 0.908), respectively. We conclude that PCT, CRP, CD64, N/L and N% indexes are comprehensive indexes for the differential diagnosis of adult bacterial pneumonia, which have certain significance and reference value in the early identification and diagnosis of adult bacterial pneumonia.
Abstract: In the background of inefficient indicators for early diagnosis of pneumonia in adults, Objective Explore the utility of PCT, CRP, CD64 and Routine Blood Parameter in diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults. Methods From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, 191 adult bacterial pneumonia patients diagnosed and treated in the affiliated Hospital ...
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Voluntary Testing Practice Among People with Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19 in Somalia: Using Andersen’s Behavioral Model
Mohamed Ali Magan,
Duah Dwomoh
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
75-82
Received:
2 June 2021
Accepted:
21 June 2021
Published:
26 June 2021
Abstract: Background: COVID-19, is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus is a global pandemic which threatens children and their rights in countries around the world. Epidemiologists have advocated for a robust testing and contact tracing as a potential solution to balance public health and economic priorities. Using Anderson Behavioral Model, our study aimed to analyze predisposing, Enabling and Need factors associated with VT4C-19 practice in Somalia. Methods: A cross sectional community-based survey were conducted at household level among adults above the age 18 years living in Mogadishu and Garowe cities. The study used multi-stage stratified-cluster sampling method. Out of the Four main towns in Somalia with a designated free National laboratory for COVID-19 testing by the government, the study randomly selected two cities (Mogadishu & Garowe) using Simple Random Sampling (SRS) Method. The study used univariate analysis and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression model to control other possible confounders and to give the Andersen Behavioral Modal that were independently associated with voluntary testing for COVID-19 in Somalia. The statistical significance tests were accepted at p<0.05. Results: Only 113 (6.6%) out of (1,708) study participants who experienced clinical symptoms of COVID-19 (between 16 March – 31 December 2020) voluntarily tested their COVID-19 status. The study found Predisposing factors including gender (P<0.001), marital status (p<0.05), mass media availability (p<0.05), telephone ownership (p<0.05), peer influence (P<0.001) and stigma of COVID-19 positive individuals in the community (P<0.001), and Enabling factors including: place of residence (p<0.001), expense decision maker at household level (p<0.05), insurance status (p<0.001) and access to outreach and health education program (p<0.05), as well as the Need factors including: perceived importance of COVID-19 voluntary test (p<0.001) and chronic diseases status among the study participants (p<0.05) were among the factors associated with the practice of voluntary tests of COVID-19 among the clinically symptomatic individuals in Somalia. Conclusion: The uptake of Voluntary testing for COVID-19 is very low in Somalia. To promote this, health officials and policy makers need to focus on a consistent and culturally sensitive community sensitization programs and bringing the COVID-19 test closer to the communities including rural communities.
Abstract: Background: COVID-19, is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus is a global pandemic which threatens children and their rights in countries around the world. Epidemiologists have advocated for a robust testing and contact tracing as a potential solution to balance public health and economic priorities. Using Anderson Behavio...
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