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Awareness About Influenza and the Influenza Vaccine: A Doctor Survey to Assess Reasons for Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy in India
Hrishi Logani,
Rajesh Kumar
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
83-89
Received:
29 June 2021
Accepted:
19 July 2021
Published:
2 August 2021
Abstract: Background: Influenza is a disease caused by four types of viruses and causes annual outbreaks. An outbreak of a new type of Influenza virus (A/H1N1) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on the development of the COVID-19 vaccine but the Influenza vaccine, which has been available for a long time and has proven efficacy, is not being optimally utilized in India. Objective: The study aimed at assessing the awareness and attitude about Influenza and its vaccine amongst Indian doctors so as to analyze reasons for Influenza vaccine hesitancy in India. Method: An online questionnaire-based survey was undertaken between September 2020 and December 2020. 1000 doctors with valid Indian medical graduation (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, MBBS) or above were invited to participate. Results: The survey revealed that most doctors believed in Influenza vaccination as the best strategy to prevent infection, but lacked adequate awareness about the common facts regarding the appropriate season, diseases covered and the requirement of the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Doctors opined that lack of patient awareness, casual counseling, few prescriptions by physicians, misconceptions about safety, and high cost of Influenza vaccine were the key reasons for vaccine hesitancy in patients. Conclusion: There is incomplete awareness amongst doctors regarding Influenza vaccination which might be a roadblock in the widespread acceptance of Influenza vaccines in India. Moreover, there is a need for patient-to-patient education through social media and the deployment of digital tools to address vaccine hesitancy in the country.
Abstract: Background: Influenza is a disease caused by four types of viruses and causes annual outbreaks. An outbreak of a new type of Influenza virus (A/H1N1) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on the development of the COVID-19 vaccine but the Influenza vaccine, which has been ...
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Adherence and Perception of Care Among Patients with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in North Central Nigeria
Laura Madukaji,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Francis Ejeh,
Adewole Olanisun Olufemi,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Paul Olaiya Abiodun,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Kabir Yunusa Amari,
Christiana Asibi Ogben,
Michael Oladapo Olagbegi,
Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni,
Olayinka Victor Ojo,
John Danjuma Mawak
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
90-96
Received:
19 July 2021
Accepted:
28 July 2021
Published:
4 August 2021
Abstract: The efforts geared towards control of Tuberculosis is threatened by the spread of multidrug resistance. Severe forms of multidrug resistant TB termed Pre-extensive (Pre-XDR) and Extensively Drug resistant (XDR) TB have been reported by different countries including Indian, China, Russia and Nigeria. Previous studies have shown a strong association between these various forms of resistance and non-adherence. The study was conducted to identify the factors affecting adherence, assess level of adherence and the perception of care among Multidrug resistant clients in North Central Nigeria. Specific & structures Questionnaires were administered to 96 MDR TB patients and 67 healthcare providers (representing 50% of each of the professional group). Few patients and healthcare providers were later selected from the number that responded to questionnaires and were involved in Focus Group Discussion. Responses from participants showed that the factors affecting adherence were alcohol addiction (72.9%), lack of social support (88.5%), feeling cured (28.1%), access to treatment centre (46.9%), non-payment & inadequate incentives/enablers for patients to continue treatment (38.5%), Stigma and discrimination (31.3%), financial difficulty (25%), treatment side effect (39.6%) and long treatment course & high pill burden (55.2%). Patients’ level of satisfaction on care was high (66.7%) indicating a satisfactory perception. This study revealed that factors affecting non-adherence were multifactorial and patients’ perception on MDR TB care was satisfactory.
Abstract: The efforts geared towards control of Tuberculosis is threatened by the spread of multidrug resistance. Severe forms of multidrug resistant TB termed Pre-extensive (Pre-XDR) and Extensively Drug resistant (XDR) TB have been reported by different countries including Indian, China, Russia and Nigeria. Previous studies have shown a strong association ...
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Current Status of Infection Control Practice in Surgical Settings of Leading Academic and Private Service Hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Mahabubul Alam,
Mohammad Saiful Islam,
Md. Shamsuzzaman Khan,
Shamima Hamid,
Md. Nazrul Islam,
Mafia Afsin Laz,
Shantona Rani Paul
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
97-115
Received:
21 June 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
4 August 2021
Abstract: Health-Care Associated Infection (HCAI) is such a risk and 1.4 millions of people worldwide suffer from HCAIs at any time. To describe the current practice for prevention of health-care associated infections in surgical settings of academic and private hospitals in Dhaka and to propose intervention for improving the conditions with existing resources. This is a descriptive type of exploratory, cross-sectional study and was designed to focus on various dimensions of infection prevention and control that includes- optimum designing of care settings, existing systems, clean-hygienic physical environment and safe practices. This study revealed that uninterrupted water supply and natural ventilation, two basic structural facilities of pivotal importance in infection control engineering were present on all premises under study. However, inadequate toilet and hand washing basins, absence of isolation room, overcrowding of wards was found to pose continuous threat to infection in most of the inpatient wards. Absence of explicit and comprehensive infection control program, clear and current policies on various infection control interventions like hand hygiene, isolation precaution, environmental cleaning, prevention and management of blood borne pathogen, antibiotic usage, injection safety and management of job related illness was revealed from this study. None of the other hospitals maintained post exposure evaluation and follow-up procedures. Although healthcare workers were formally trained in the following matters, unsafe practices for injection, improper use of personal protective equipment, low level of adherence to hand hygiene and cough etiquette were frequently observed during the study. From this study it can be concluded that academic and private hospitals, whether it is government, autonomous or private could not establish the policy, infrastructure, program, processes and safety culture in terms of standard infection prevention and control interventions, except one private service hospital.
Abstract: Health-Care Associated Infection (HCAI) is such a risk and 1.4 millions of people worldwide suffer from HCAIs at any time. To describe the current practice for prevention of health-care associated infections in surgical settings of academic and private hospitals in Dhaka and to propose intervention for improving the conditions with existing resourc...
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Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
116-118
Received:
24 July 2021
Accepted:
9 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.
Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s ...
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