This article is about ongoing language policy and language planning in the Republic of Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union in 1991. The intensive policy of Russification through education, especially during the Soviet period created a sizeable Russian-speaking segment in society. With regard to Russian, Azerbaijani displays typical signs of survival of a metropolitan language in a post-colonial context. It puts a certain pressure on the role of Azerbaijani, the language of the majority. It is a matter of significant public interest and subject of ongoing discussions in society. Despite the independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian language enjoys its high prestige in the country. There exists an ongoing debate among scholars about the growth of the Russian language in Azerbaijan. The aim of this article is an analysis of government bodies responsible for the government to carry out the implementation of the Azerbaijani language- the officially sole state language in Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union. For this reason, the article covers responsible bodies for the implementation of the Azerbaijani language in post-Soviet Azerbaijan and the re-establishment of Azerbaijani in society. With this regard, the post-independence period is interpreted and analyzed. Together with the analysis of this period, some possible changes are put forward that may improve the implementation of the Azerbaijani language. The existing gap in the country is a need for analysis of the following questions: What has been done in the development of the Azerbaijani language after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union? How does government support and advocate the importance of learning in the Azerbaijani language? And to what extent does this support work in society? The study attempts to examine the role of top policy in the “language building” which took place from 1991, as well as the changes in legislation brought about by independence. This research will contribute to the study of language-building in post-Soviet space. It will shed light on how Azerbaijani society, which has been considered the first independent country from the former USSR managed to guard and improve the inherited multilingualism and mother tongue policy. It will further explore the new phase of transition that started after independence. Also, it will discuss the existing gap between policy-makers and academia which makes the formulation of new policies and strategies incomplete.
| Published in | International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 8, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14 |
| Page(s) | 24-33 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
The Azerbaijani Language, Azerbaijan, Multilingualism, Government Bodies, Language Policy and Planning
| [1] | Garibova, J.& Asgarova, M. (2009) "Language Policy and Legislation in post-Soviet Azerbaijan", Language Problems & Language Planning, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 191-217. |
| [2] | Alstadt, A. (2013). The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule. Hoover Press. |
| [3] | Cooper, R. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge University Press. |
| [4] | Poon, A. (2000). Medium of Instruction in Hong Kong: Policy and Practice. University Press of America. |
| [5] | Hornberger, N. (2006). Frameworks and models in language policy and planning. In Thomas, R. Ed. An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method. Pp. 24–41. |
| [6] | Fishman. J. A. (1979). Bilingual education, language planning, and English. |
| [7] | Marquardt, K. (2011). Framing language policy in post- Soviet Azerbaijan: Political symbolism and interethnic harmony. Central Asian Survey 30 (2). Pp 181-19. |
| [8] | Blauvelt, T. (2013). Endurance of the Soviet imperial tongue: The Russian language in Contemporary Georgia. Central Asia Survey. Vol 32. Issue 2. Pp. 189-209. |
| [9] | Cheskin, A. (2016). Russian speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies. Edinburgh University Press. |
| [10] | Graney, K. (2019). Russia, the former Soviet Republics and the Europe since 1989: Transformation and tragedy. OUP. |
| [11] | Pashayeva, G. (2013). Russian language in Azerbaijan: realities and prospects.” Collection of materials of the conference “Russian language abroad”. St Petersburg. Pp. 128-147. |
| [12] | Abdullayeva, S. (2014). Russian schools are popular in Azerbaijan. Retrieved 8 November 2019 from http://azerros.ru/sodruzhestvo/19013-russkie-shkoly-vazerbaydzhane-vostrebovany.html. |
| [13] | Paladi, A. (2016). Notes of the Slavist in Transcaucasia: Russian language today in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Estonian modern Russian language: functioning and problems of teaching № 30. Russian cultural center Hungarian association of teachers of the Russian language and literature. Budapest. http://ruscenter.hu/beta/upimg/Vestnik2016.pdf#page=228. |
| [14] | Musavi, N. (2018). A nation divided by language: Azerbaijan’s Russian legacy. Open Caucasus Media. 8 feb. 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2019 from https://oc-media.org/a-nation-divided-by-language-azerbaijans-russian-legacy/. |
| [15] | Rahimov, R. (2018). Oct 24. Rising Profile of Russian- Language Schooling in Azerbaijan: Inferiority, Opportunity or Challenge. The Jamestown Foundation. Global Research and Analysis. Retrieved 5 November 2019 from https://jamestown.org/program/rising-profile-of-russian-language-schooling-in-azerbaijan-inferiority-opportunity-or-challenge/. |
| [16] | Garibova, J. (2019). Russian in Azerbaijan: Changing Practices and Emerging Paradifms. In A. Mustojoki, E. Protassova and M. Yelenevskaya (eds). The Soft Power of the Russian Language. Rotledge, pp. 55-70. |
| [17] | Mammadova, J. (2013). Language policy in Azerbaijan toward sustainable change. In Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Azerbaijan: Baku. |
| [18] | Akhundova, E. (2007). Member of Parliament Elmira Akhundova: “I am for limiting Russians sectors because our nation has unfortunately been bifurcated. Day. Az. Retrieved 8 November, 2019 from http://news.day.az/society/100485.html. |
| [19] | Pashayeva, G. (2018). Azerbaijan in the context of linguistic globalization: certain aspects of language policy. The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Tadqiqlar. Pp. 11-18. |
| [20] | Garibova, J. 2018. Formation of the Language-Identity Relationship in Azwerbaijan and the role of Turkish. Selcuk University Journal of Studies in Turcology. 2018 (44). 15-41 (SÜTAD). |
| [21] | Mammadova, J. I. (2016). Feasibility of CLIL Implementation in the Education System of Azerbaijan: Attitude towards CLIL and the English language in Higher Educational Institutions. International Journal of English Linguistics, VOL. 6. No. 5. 2016. North York, Canada. |
| [22] | Mammadov, A. (2009). The issue of plurilingualism and language policy in Azerbaijan. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. (198). Pp. 65-73. |
| [23] | Fierman, W. (2009). Language vitality and paths to revival: contrasting cases of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2009 (198). Pp. 75–104. |
| [24] | Pashayeva, G. (2017). Global English as a universal translator of “Soft Power.” Diskurs Pi. Pp. 108-114. |
| [25] | Garibova, J. (2017). Linguistic Landscape in Azerbaijan: Policy, Attitudes and Choices. In L. A’Beckett and T. du Plessis (eds). In Pursuit of Societal Harmony: Reviewing the experiences and approaches in officially monolingual and officially multilingual countries. Pp. 107-147. |
| [26] | Caucasus Research Resource Centers. Knowledge of Russian in Azerbaijan. 21 April, 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2019 from https://crrc-caucasus.blogspot.com/2014/04/knowledge-of-russian-in-azerbaijan.html. |
| [27] | The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (1995). Retrieved 5 January 2019 from http://azerbaijan.az/portal/General/Constitution/doc/constitution_e.pdf. |
| [28] | Dietrich, A. (2005). Language Policy and the status of Russian in the Soviet Union and the successor states outside the Russian Federation. Australian Slavonic and East European Studies 19 (1-2). Pp. 1-27. |
| [29] | Hogan-Brun, G and Melnyk. S. (2012). Language policy management in the former Soviet sphere. In B. Spolsky Ed. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy. Pp. 592-616. |
| [30] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on approval of the composition of the State Language Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2001). Retrieved 11 October 2018 from http://www.e-qanun.az/alpidata/framework/data/4/f_4411.htm. |
| [31] | Phillipson, R. (2006). Language policy and linguistic imperialism. In T. Ricento (ed.), An introduction to language policy: Theory and method. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp. 346–361. |
| [32] | Joseph, J. (2004). Language and Identity: national, ethnic, religious. NY. Palgrave. |
| [33] | Kaplan, R. & Baldauf, R. (2008). Language Planning and Policy in The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy: some common issues. In Robert, K. and Robert, B. (Eds.), Language Planning and Policy Europe, Vol. 3. The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy. NY. Multilingual Matters. Pp. 6-31. |
| [34] | Pearce, K. and Rice. R. (2014). The Language Divide—The Persistence of English Proficiency as a Gateway to the Internet: The Cases of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. International Journal of Communication. 8 (1). Pp. 2834-2859. |
| [35] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on approval of the new composition of the State Language Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 13 November, 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2019 from http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/36911. |
| [36] | Rossiya dlya vsex / Russia for all. (06.23.2016). Rusetskaya: Azerbaijan’s language policy should be cited as an example. Retrieved 5 February, 2019 from https://azj.rus4all.ru/expert/20160623/726697573.html. |
| [37] | Interview of Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov to leading news agencies of Azerbaijan. March 10, 2009. March 10th, 2009. Retrieved 5 February, 2019 from http://www.mid.ru/Brp_4.nsf/arh/1E1D185D0BBE14CCC3257575004D2607?OpenDocument. |
| [38] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan about realization of mass editions with the Latin graphics in the Azerbaijani language. 12 January, 2004. Retrieved 1 October, 2019 from http://eqanun.az/alpidata/framework/data/5/c_f_5427.htm. |
| [39] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan about the State Program on the use of the Azerbaijani language in the context of globalization and the development of linguistics in the country. 23 May, 2012. Retrieved 30 September, 2019 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/23583. |
| [40] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan about the approval of the State program on the use of the Azerbaijani language in the context of globalization and development of linguistics in the country. 9 April, 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2018 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/25537. |
| [41] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on a number of measures to ensure greater use of the Azerbaijani language in electronic space. 17 July, 2018. Retrieved 1 October, 2019 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/39503. |
| [42] | Regulations of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 November 2018 from http://science.gov.az/uploads/pdf/p1b43oh6nq6di1cuc134em51jf74.pdf. |
| [43] | On approval of the Charter of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (2003). Retrieved 13 November 2018 from http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/1892. |
| [44] | On establishment of the State Agency for Standardization, Metrology and Patent of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2001). Retrieved 15 January, 2019 from http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/2889. |
| [45] | State Committee on Standardization, Metrology and Patents of Azerbaijan Republic. (n. d). Retrieved 19 January, 2018 from https://azerbaijan.az/portal/StatePower/Committee/committeeConcern_12_e.html. |
| [46] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan about measures for improvement of management in the field of consumer market control, standardization, metrology and protection of intellectual property rights. 20 April, 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2019 from https://www.president.az/articles/28139/print. |
| [47] | The Ministry of Economy. (2018). Retrieved 19 November, 2018 from http://consumer.gov.az/images/M_images/struktur.png. |
| [48] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Regulations on the State Service on Antimonopoly Policy and Consumer Protection within the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 28 April, 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2019 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/32726. |
| [49] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on measures to protect the purity of the Azerbaijani language and further improve the use of the state language. 1 November, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019 from http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/40441. |
| [50] | Paudel. N. R. (2009). A Critical Account of Policy Implementation Theories: Status and Reconsideration. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 25 (2), pp. 36-54. |
| [51] | Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on establishment of the State Advertising Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 20 June, 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2018 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/35832. |
| [52] | Garibova, J. (2009) "Language Policy in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan: Political Aspects", International Journal of the Sociology of Language, Vol. 2009, Issue 198, July, pp. 7-32. |
| [53] | Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Education. 19 June, 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018 from http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/18343. |
| [54] | Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2019). Retrieved 17 March. 2019 from http://edu.gov.az. |
| [55] | Pashayeva, G. (2014). (Azerbaijan) The role of international languages in the context of language policy. Pp. 115-124. Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Scientific and Research Center for National-Language Relations. Language Policy and Language Conflicts in the modern world. International Conference Moscow, September 16–19, 2014 Moscow. |
| [56] | Pashayeva, G. (2018). International and state languages; from competition to harmonious interaction (the case of Republic of Azerbaijan). Conference papers. Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, pp. 53-60. |
| [57] | Pressman, L. and Wildavsky, A. (1984), Implementation: 3r ed. Bekeley: University of California Press. |
| [58] | ANAS. (2019). http://www.science.gov.az/news/open/8219. |
| [59] | ANAS. (2019). http://www.science.gov.az/news/open/8963. |
| [60] | Ministry of Culture. (2019). Aghdam Mugham Center was inaugurated. Retrieved 19 March, 2019 from http://www.mct.gov.az/az/umumi-xeberler/agdam-mugam- merkezinin-acilisi-oldu. |
| [61] | Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the State Language, Retrieved 14 October, 2019 from http://e-qanun.az/framework/1865. |
APA Style
Jamala Ismayil Mammadova. (2020). The Azerbaijani Language in Azerbaijan After the Political Independence: The Governmental Support of Mother Tongue and Multilingualism. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 8(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14
ACS Style
Jamala Ismayil Mammadova. The Azerbaijani Language in Azerbaijan After the Political Independence: The Governmental Support of Mother Tongue and Multilingualism. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2020, 8(1), 24-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14
AMA Style
Jamala Ismayil Mammadova. The Azerbaijani Language in Azerbaijan After the Political Independence: The Governmental Support of Mother Tongue and Multilingualism. Int J Lang Linguist. 2020;8(1):24-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14,
author = {Jamala Ismayil Mammadova},
title = {The Azerbaijani Language in Azerbaijan After the Political Independence: The Governmental Support of Mother Tongue and Multilingualism},
journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {24-33},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20200801.14},
abstract = {This article is about ongoing language policy and language planning in the Republic of Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union in 1991. The intensive policy of Russification through education, especially during the Soviet period created a sizeable Russian-speaking segment in society. With regard to Russian, Azerbaijani displays typical signs of survival of a metropolitan language in a post-colonial context. It puts a certain pressure on the role of Azerbaijani, the language of the majority. It is a matter of significant public interest and subject of ongoing discussions in society. Despite the independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian language enjoys its high prestige in the country. There exists an ongoing debate among scholars about the growth of the Russian language in Azerbaijan. The aim of this article is an analysis of government bodies responsible for the government to carry out the implementation of the Azerbaijani language- the officially sole state language in Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union. For this reason, the article covers responsible bodies for the implementation of the Azerbaijani language in post-Soviet Azerbaijan and the re-establishment of Azerbaijani in society. With this regard, the post-independence period is interpreted and analyzed. Together with the analysis of this period, some possible changes are put forward that may improve the implementation of the Azerbaijani language. The existing gap in the country is a need for analysis of the following questions: What has been done in the development of the Azerbaijani language after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union? How does government support and advocate the importance of learning in the Azerbaijani language? And to what extent does this support work in society? The study attempts to examine the role of top policy in the “language building” which took place from 1991, as well as the changes in legislation brought about by independence. This research will contribute to the study of language-building in post-Soviet space. It will shed light on how Azerbaijani society, which has been considered the first independent country from the former USSR managed to guard and improve the inherited multilingualism and mother tongue policy. It will further explore the new phase of transition that started after independence. Also, it will discuss the existing gap between policy-makers and academia which makes the formulation of new policies and strategies incomplete.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Azerbaijani Language in Azerbaijan After the Political Independence: The Governmental Support of Mother Tongue and Multilingualism AU - Jamala Ismayil Mammadova Y1 - 2020/02/07 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14 T2 - International Journal of Language and Linguistics JF - International Journal of Language and Linguistics JO - International Journal of Language and Linguistics SP - 24 EP - 33 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0221 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20200801.14 AB - This article is about ongoing language policy and language planning in the Republic of Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union in 1991. The intensive policy of Russification through education, especially during the Soviet period created a sizeable Russian-speaking segment in society. With regard to Russian, Azerbaijani displays typical signs of survival of a metropolitan language in a post-colonial context. It puts a certain pressure on the role of Azerbaijani, the language of the majority. It is a matter of significant public interest and subject of ongoing discussions in society. Despite the independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian language enjoys its high prestige in the country. There exists an ongoing debate among scholars about the growth of the Russian language in Azerbaijan. The aim of this article is an analysis of government bodies responsible for the government to carry out the implementation of the Azerbaijani language- the officially sole state language in Azerbaijan after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union. For this reason, the article covers responsible bodies for the implementation of the Azerbaijani language in post-Soviet Azerbaijan and the re-establishment of Azerbaijani in society. With this regard, the post-independence period is interpreted and analyzed. Together with the analysis of this period, some possible changes are put forward that may improve the implementation of the Azerbaijani language. The existing gap in the country is a need for analysis of the following questions: What has been done in the development of the Azerbaijani language after the political independence from the ex-Soviet Union? How does government support and advocate the importance of learning in the Azerbaijani language? And to what extent does this support work in society? The study attempts to examine the role of top policy in the “language building” which took place from 1991, as well as the changes in legislation brought about by independence. This research will contribute to the study of language-building in post-Soviet space. It will shed light on how Azerbaijani society, which has been considered the first independent country from the former USSR managed to guard and improve the inherited multilingualism and mother tongue policy. It will further explore the new phase of transition that started after independence. Also, it will discuss the existing gap between policy-makers and academia which makes the formulation of new policies and strategies incomplete. VL - 8 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: