Research Article
Meaning Examination of Grigor Tatevatsi’s Newly Words
Grigoryan Susanna Makar*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
67-71
Received:
17 March 2026
Accepted:
26 March 2026
Published:
14 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijll.20261402.11
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Abstract: Grigor Tatevatsi is one of the most prominent Armenian medieval theologians and philosophers. Of the works of Grigor Tatevatsi, “The Book of questions” is perhaps the most important work of the scholar, the most significant, complete and comprehensive interpretation of the Holy Scripture in Armenian hermeneutics. Grigor Tatevatsi, summarizing the seven-century tradition of patristic theological literature, synthesized medieval exegetical literature in his works in general and in “The Book of questions” in particular. However, until our research, his more than three dozen works were mainly studied from the theological and philosophical aspects. There is also another circumstance, that his works are mostly handwritten and have not been translated into modern Armenian, these are written in old Armenian (Grabar), which has caused the incomplete study of this author, in particular, the grammatical problems encountered in his literary heritage were studied by us for the first time (see: Grigoryan S., 2002). With this research, we have also embarked on the study of new words and we aim to supplement the Armenian vocabulary dictionaries with newly coined words by Grigor Tatevatsi, showing the subtle meanings of these words, as well as highlighting this author as a lexicographer. In order to demonstrate the newness of the presented words and their belonging to Grigor Tatevatsi as the author, they were thoroughly compared with all dictionaries covering the vocabulary of the Armenian language, in particular: Armenian Provincial Dictionary [APD] Armenian Radical Dictionary [ARD] New Dictionary of the Armenian Language [NDAL], Dictionary of Middle Armenian [DMA] Grabar's Dictionary of Synonyms [GDS] Armenian Explanatory Dictionary [AED], Ritual Dictionary [RD]. The study of new words from Grigor Tatevatsi's literary heritage is interesting in itself, but the new words used by the author are extremely interesting from the point of view of the modern perception and interpretation of the nuances of these concepts. Sometimes they contain historical information, such as newly coined words related to the order of blessing, and for the most part these words are not attested in Grabar's dictionaries. The study shows that in the person of Grigor Tatevatsi, in addition to being a theologian and philosopher, we also have a language builder, whose analyses become more interesting thanks to his neologisms. The research will help not only those studying the middle period of the history of the Armenian language, but also a wide range of specialists to whose fields the neologisms referred to relate.
Abstract: Grigor Tatevatsi is one of the most prominent Armenian medieval theologians and philosophers. Of the works of Grigor Tatevatsi, “The Book of questions” is perhaps the most important work of the scholar, the most significant, complete and comprehensive interpretation of the Holy Scripture in Armenian hermeneutics. Grigor Tatevatsi, summarizing the s...
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Research Article
Performances of LLMs in Multimodal Metaphor Understanding, Generation, Consistency and Creativity Based on FDPEF
Zhong Yuke*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
72-85
Received:
20 March 2026
Accepted:
7 April 2026
Published:
24 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijll.20261402.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Human communication uses the synergistic interaction of multimodalities to express emotions and convey information in this age of rapid information science progress. More scholarly interest in multimodal research has also been sparked by the promotion of multimodal interaction methods; multimodal metaphor research is a novel line of inquiry that emerged from the fusion of interdisciplinary and multimodal discourse research. This study addresses the lack of systematic evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in understanding and generating multimodal metaphors by proposing a four-dimension progressive evaluation framework (FDPEF), based on cognitive linguistics theory and multimodal mechanism. The results indicate that Claude-3-5 leads in understanding ability while Cici is the weakest due to over-abstraction; in terms of generative ability, ChatGPT-4 demonstrates the optimal multimodal mapping logic, but none of the models can completely avoid the “graphic semantic deviation” problem; in terms of consistency, ChatGPT-4 is close to the human-level metaphor comprehension threshold, but still suffers from cognitive bias; and in terms of creativity, LLMs generally rely on the conventional metaphor paradigm, and their creativity is limited by the inherent cognitive framework of the training data. The study shows that LLMs can improve metaphor parsing accuracy through visual-textual joint representation, and can quantify metaphor parsing outcomes and their interpretive transformations into measurable metrics, while its metaphor generation is still limited by path dependence and insufficient understanding of cultural contexts, and needs to be optimized for metaphor controllability in the future by combining multimodal embedding and interpretable AI techniques.
Abstract: Human communication uses the synergistic interaction of multimodalities to express emotions and convey information in this age of rapid information science progress. More scholarly interest in multimodal research has also been sparked by the promotion of multimodal interaction methods; multimodal metaphor research is a novel line of inquiry that em...
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