Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky; Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla; Safaa Ahmad Salem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky, Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla, Safaa Ahmad Salem

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 23 September 2014 Accepted: 20 October 2014 Published: 20 November 2014

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Abstract

This study was designed to recognize the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidney of male rats due to daily oral intake (for 8 weeks) of beet and curcumin extracts as natural red and yellow color, edicol erythrosine and sunset yellow as recommended synthetic colors and two unknown commercial coloring agents (red and yellow). The effect of admissible daily intake (ADI) and overdose (5 times) of the synthetic recommended and commercial colors was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the GBW % of rats indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in all studied groups except that given the natural beet extract and that given ADI of edicol erythrosine. No significant differences were detected in the relative kidney weights between groups. Rats that administrated overdose of the studied synthetic colors showed significant increase in the lipid profile of blood including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The obtained histopathological changes in liver and kidney of rats administrated overdose of colorants were associated with elevation of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were strictly related to the injury of kidney and liver functions. The present study demonstrated that beet extract could be used as alternative natural red colorant, whereas curcumin extract need additional long-term studies because of the elevation in urea and AST levels in addition to massive aggregative of inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area of liver of rats administrated the 7.87 mg curcumin /Kg BW. Also, the present study sheds light on the nutritional hazards in the liver and kidney due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic color.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
Page(s)	538-544
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Beet, Curcumin, Liver, Kidney, Erythrosine, Sunset Yellow

References

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[3]	Salah, S.H., Biochemical studies on some synthetic food colorants. M.Sc. (Blochemistry). Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ. 1994.
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[5]	Hashem, M.M., et al., Immunological studies on amaranth sun-set yellow and curcumin as food coloring agents in albino rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010. 48(6): p. 1581-1586.
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[16]	Banchroft, J.D., A. Stevens, and D.R. Turner, Theory and practice of histological techniques. 4 ed. 1996: Churchil Livingstone, New York, London, San Francisco, Tokyo.
[17]	Borzelleca, J.F. and J.B. Hallagan, Multigeneration study of FD & C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol. , 1990. 28(12): p. 813-819.
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APA Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky, Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla, Safaa Ahmad Salem. (2014). Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(6), 538-544. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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ACS Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky; Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla; Safaa Ahmad Salem. Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(6), 538-544. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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AMA Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky, Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla, Safaa Ahmad Salem. Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(6):538-544. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18,
  author = {Wagih Ahmad El-Malky and Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla and Safaa Ahmad Salem},
  title = {Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {538-544},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  abstract = {This study was designed to recognize the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidney of male rats due to daily oral intake (for 8 weeks) of beet and curcumin extracts as natural red and yellow color, edicol erythrosine and sunset yellow as recommended synthetic colors and two unknown commercial coloring agents (red and yellow). The effect of admissible daily intake (ADI) and overdose (5 times) of the synthetic recommended and commercial colors was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the GBW % of rats indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in all studied groups except that given the natural beet extract and that given ADI of edicol erythrosine. No significant differences were detected in the relative kidney weights between groups. Rats that administrated overdose of the studied synthetic colors showed significant increase in the lipid profile of blood including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The obtained histopathological changes in liver and kidney of rats administrated overdose of colorants were associated with elevation of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were strictly related to the injury of kidney and liver functions. The present study demonstrated that beet extract could be used as alternative natural red colorant, whereas curcumin extract need additional long-term studies because of the elevation in urea and AST levels in addition to massive aggregative of inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area of liver of rats administrated the 7.87 mg curcumin /Kg BW. Also, the present study sheds light on the nutritional hazards in the liver and kidney due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic color.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats
AU  - Wagih Ahmad El-Malky
AU  - Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla
AU  - Safaa Ahmad Salem
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 538
EP  - 544
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
AB  - This study was designed to recognize the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidney of male rats due to daily oral intake (for 8 weeks) of beet and curcumin extracts as natural red and yellow color, edicol erythrosine and sunset yellow as recommended synthetic colors and two unknown commercial coloring agents (red and yellow). The effect of admissible daily intake (ADI) and overdose (5 times) of the synthetic recommended and commercial colors was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the GBW % of rats indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in all studied groups except that given the natural beet extract and that given ADI of edicol erythrosine. No significant differences were detected in the relative kidney weights between groups. Rats that administrated overdose of the studied synthetic colors showed significant increase in the lipid profile of blood including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The obtained histopathological changes in liver and kidney of rats administrated overdose of colorants were associated with elevation of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were strictly related to the injury of kidney and liver functions. The present study demonstrated that beet extract could be used as alternative natural red colorant, whereas curcumin extract need additional long-term studies because of the elevation in urea and AST levels in addition to massive aggregative of inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area of liver of rats administrated the 7.87 mg curcumin /Kg BW. Also, the present study sheds light on the nutritional hazards in the liver and kidney due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic color.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky

Division of Medical Foods, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6-7, AboHazem St, Pyramids, Giza, Egypt
Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla

Division of Medical Foods, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6-7, AboHazem St, Pyramids, Giza, Egypt
Safaa Ahmad Salem

Division of Medical Foods, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6-7, AboHazem St, Pyramids, Giza, Egypt

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APA Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky, Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla, Safaa Ahmad Salem. (2014). Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(6), 538-544. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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ACS Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky; Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla; Safaa Ahmad Salem. Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(6), 538-544. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

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AMA Style

Wagih Ahmad El-Malky, Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla, Safaa Ahmad Salem. Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(6):538-544. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18,
  author = {Wagih Ahmad El-Malky and Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla and Safaa Ahmad Salem},
  title = {Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {538-544},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140306.18},
  abstract = {This study was designed to recognize the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidney of male rats due to daily oral intake (for 8 weeks) of beet and curcumin extracts as natural red and yellow color, edicol erythrosine and sunset yellow as recommended synthetic colors and two unknown commercial coloring agents (red and yellow). The effect of admissible daily intake (ADI) and overdose (5 times) of the synthetic recommended and commercial colors was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the GBW % of rats indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in all studied groups except that given the natural beet extract and that given ADI of edicol erythrosine. No significant differences were detected in the relative kidney weights between groups. Rats that administrated overdose of the studied synthetic colors showed significant increase in the lipid profile of blood including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The obtained histopathological changes in liver and kidney of rats administrated overdose of colorants were associated with elevation of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were strictly related to the injury of kidney and liver functions. The present study demonstrated that beet extract could be used as alternative natural red colorant, whereas curcumin extract need additional long-term studies because of the elevation in urea and AST levels in addition to massive aggregative of inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area of liver of rats administrated the 7.87 mg curcumin /Kg BW. Also, the present study sheds light on the nutritional hazards in the liver and kidney due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic color.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional Study of Some Food Coloring Agents on Experimental Rats
AU  - Wagih Ahmad El-Malky
AU  - Ghada Mahmoud Khiralla
AU  - Safaa Ahmad Salem
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 538
EP  - 544
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.18
AB  - This study was designed to recognize the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidney of male rats due to daily oral intake (for 8 weeks) of beet and curcumin extracts as natural red and yellow color, edicol erythrosine and sunset yellow as recommended synthetic colors and two unknown commercial coloring agents (red and yellow). The effect of admissible daily intake (ADI) and overdose (5 times) of the synthetic recommended and commercial colors was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the GBW % of rats indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in all studied groups except that given the natural beet extract and that given ADI of edicol erythrosine. No significant differences were detected in the relative kidney weights between groups. Rats that administrated overdose of the studied synthetic colors showed significant increase in the lipid profile of blood including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The obtained histopathological changes in liver and kidney of rats administrated overdose of colorants were associated with elevation of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were strictly related to the injury of kidney and liver functions. The present study demonstrated that beet extract could be used as alternative natural red colorant, whereas curcumin extract need additional long-term studies because of the elevation in urea and AST levels in addition to massive aggregative of inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area of liver of rats administrated the 7.87 mg curcumin /Kg BW. Also, the present study sheds light on the nutritional hazards in the liver and kidney due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic color.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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