Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Onuorah Samuel; Nwoke John; Odibo Frederick

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Onuorah Samuel, Nwoke John, Odibo Frederick

Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 30 July 2018 Accepted: 23 August 2018 Published: 6 October 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.

Published in	International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
Page(s)	39-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacteriological, Assessment, Hand-Pump, Borehole, Water, Onueke

References

[1]	Muchuweti, M; Birkeit, J. W; Chinyanga, E; Zvanya; Scrimshaw, M. D and lestes J. N. (2006). Heavy metal content and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe. Implications for human health. Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environment. 112: 41–48.
[2]	Faparusi, F; Ayedun, H. and Bello–Akinosho, M. M. (2011). Microbial and Physicochemical properties of ground water of Ilaro, South West. International Journal of Biology and Chemical Science. 5 (2): 500–502.
[3]	Cheesbrough, M. (2006). District laboratory practice in tropical countries 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press United Kingdom. Pp143–157.
[4]	Oladipo I. C; Onyenike, I. C. and Adebiyi, A. O. (2009). Microbiological analysis of some vended sachet water in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science. 3 (12): 406–412.
[5]	Erah, P. O; Akujieze P. N. and Oteze, G. E. (2002). The quality of ground water in Benin City: A baseline study on inorganic chemicals and microbial contaminants of health importance in boreholes and open wells. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1 (2): 75–82.
[6]	Kathleen, P; Blake, R. and Janice, W. (1998). Bacteria and other microorganisms in household water. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Pp 356–487.
[7]	Geldreich, E. E. (1996). Sanitary significance of Faecal coliforms in the environment. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 3 (1): 33–38.
[8]	Miller, G. I. (1997). Environmental Science working with the earth. 6th edition, Wadsworth Publishing Company, USA. Pp285–286.
[9]	Obi, C. N and Okocha, C. O (2007). Microbiological and Physicochemical analysis of selected borehole waters in World Bank Housing Estate, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 2 (5): 920–929.
[10]	Onuoral Samuel, Ginika-Osuorji Joy, Odibo Frederick and Ojiagu Nnenna Chinelo (2017). Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of outdoor public swimming pools in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Central African Journal of Public Health. 3 (5): 55–60.
[11]	Krieg, N. R and Holt, J. G. (1994). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, William and Wilkins Ltd, Baltimore, USA. Pp60–70.
[12]	Josiah, J. S., Nwangwu, C. O. S, Omage, K; Akpanyung, O. E. And Amaka, D. D (2014). Physicochemical and Microbiological properties of water samples used for domestic purposes in Okada Town, Edo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 3 (6): 886–894.
[13]	Ibe, S. N. and Okpalenye, J. I. (2005). Bacteriological analysis of borehole water in Uli, Nigeria. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology. 7: 116–119.
[14]	Ngele, S. O.; Itumoh, E. J; Onwa, N. C. and Alobu, F. (2014). Quality assessment of selected ground water samples in Amike–Aba, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Science. 8 (1): 2801–2805.
[15]	Obiri–Danso, K; Adjei, B; Stanley, K. N. and Jones, K. (2009). Microbiological quality and metal levels in wells and borehole water in somePeri-urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 3 (1): 59–66.
[16]	Mustafa, A. I; Ibrahim, A. A; Haruna, Y. I. and Abubakar, S. (2013). Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water from wash boreholes in Maiduguri, Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science. 7 (1): 9–13.
[17]	Abdullahi, M; Saidu, B. T., Salihu, B. A. and Mohammed, S. A. (2013). Bacteriological and Physicochemical properties of borehole water in Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru Campus Indian Journal of Science Research. 4 (1):1-6.
[18]	Olajubu, F. A. and Ogunika, F. (2014). Assesment of the Physicochemical and Microbiological properties of borehole water samples from Akungba–Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Pharma Science and Research. 5 (7): 367–374.
[19]	Nkamare, M. B; Ofili, A. N. and Adeleke, A. J. (2012). Physicochemical and Microbiological assessment of borehole water in Okutukutu, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research. 3 (5): 2549–2552.
[20]	Ukpong, E. C. and Okon, B. B. (2013). Comparative analysis of Public and Private borehole water supply sources in Uruan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 3 (1): 76–88.
[21]	Uhuo, C. A; Uneke, B. I; OKereke, C. N; Nwele, D. E. and Ogbanshi, M. E. (2014). The bacteriological survey of borehole waters in Peri-Urban areas of Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Bacteriology Research. 2 (2): 28 -31.
[22]	Albert, M. J. (2000). Prevalence of endotoxin genes in Aeromonas spp, isolated from children with diarrhoea. Healthy Controls and the Environment. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 38 (10): 3785–3790.
[23]	Chopra, A. K; XU, X. J; Ribardo, D; Gonzalez, M; Kuhi, K. J.; Peterson, W and Houston, C. W. (2000). The cytotoxin enterotoxin of Aeromonas hydrophila induces proinflammatory cytokine production and activates arachidonic acid metabolism in macrophages. Journal of Infection and Immunity. 68 (5): 2808–2818.
[24]	Seshadri, R; Joseph, S. W; Chopra, A. K; Sha, J; Shaw, J. and Graf, J. (2006). Genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC. Journal of Bacteriology 188. (23): 8272–8282.
[25]	Labbate, M; Queck, S. Y; Koli, K. S; Rice, S. A; Givskov, M. and Kjelleberg, S. (2004). Quorum sensing controlled biofilm development in Serratial liquefaciens MGI. Journal of Bacteriology. 186: 692–698.
[26]	Kocur, M; Kloss, W. E. and Schliefer, K. (2006). The genus Micrococcus Prokaryotes. 3: 961–971.
[27]	Podschun, R. and Ullmann, U. (1998). Klebsiella spp as nosocomial infection: Epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods and pathogenicity factors. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 11 (4): 589–603.
[28]	Hejazi, A. and Falkiner, F. R. (1997). Serratia marcescens. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 46 (11): 903–912.
[29]	O’ Hara, C. M; Brenner, F. W. and Miller, J. M. (2000). Classification, identification and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia and Morganella. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 13 (4): 534–546.
[30]	Reidl, J. and Klose, K. E. (2002). Vibrio cholerae and cholera: Out of the water and into the host. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 26 (2): 125–139.
[31]	Wang, J. T., Chang, S. C., Chen, Y. C. and Luh, K. T. (2000). Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of Citrobacter freundii isolates in two different time periods. The Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 33 (4): 258–262.
[32]	Whalen, J. G; Mully, T. W. and English, J. C. (2007). Spontaneous Citrobacter freundii infection in an immuno competent patient. Archives of Dermatology. 143 (1): 124–125.
[33]	Badger, J. L., Stins, M. F. and Kwang, S. K. (1985). Citrobacter freundii invades and replicates in human brain micro vascular endothelial cells. Hinyokikakiyo Acta Urologica Japonica. 31 (7): 1159–1170.
[34]	Balcht, A. and Smith, R. (1994). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and Treatment. Informa Health Care. Pp83–84.
[35]	Hseuh, P; Teng, L; Pan, H; Chen, Y; Sun, C; HO, S. and Luh, K. (1998). Outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia among oncology patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 36: 2914–2917.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Onuorah Samuel, Nwoke John, Odibo Frederick. (2018). Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2(2), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Onuorah Samuel; Nwoke John; Odibo Frederick. Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2018, 2(2), 39-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Onuorah Samuel, Nwoke John, Odibo Frederick. Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2018;2(2):39-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11,
  author = {Onuorah Samuel and Nwoke John and Odibo Frederick},
  title = {Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  abstract = {Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
AU  - Onuorah Samuel
AU  - Nwoke John
AU  - Odibo Frederick
Y1  - 2018/10/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 39
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
AB  - Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Onuorah Samuel

Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Nwoke John

Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Odibo Frederick

Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Onuorah Samuel, Nwoke John, Odibo Frederick. (2018). Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2(2), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Onuorah Samuel; Nwoke John; Odibo Frederick. Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2018, 2(2), 39-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Onuorah Samuel, Nwoke John, Odibo Frederick. Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2018;2(2):39-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11,
  author = {Onuorah Samuel and Nwoke John and Odibo Frederick},
  title = {Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20180202.11},
  abstract = {Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
AU  - Onuorah Samuel
AU  - Nwoke John
AU  - Odibo Frederick
Y1  - 2018/10/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 39
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
AB  - Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download