Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Onuorah Samuel,
Nwoke John,
Odibo Frederick
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
39-48
Received:
30 July 2018
Accepted:
23 August 2018
Published:
6 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.11
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Abstract: Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out using the membrane filtration technique. The total bacterial counts during the dry season were 107 – 261 cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-11 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-5 cfu/100ml. However, the total bacterial counts during the wet season were 119 – 275cfu/100ml; total coliforms, 0-23 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae, 0-6 cfu/100ml while faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples during both seasons. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae had the highest and lowest frequency of isolation respectively than the other isolates during both seasons. All the isolates during both seasons were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin. There was significant correlation between the total coliforms during both seasons indicating that they were affected by seasonal variations. Generally, the water from the boreholes studied did not comply with the World Health Organization bacteriological standard for potable water and must be treated adequately before drinking in order not to endanger the health of the users.
Abstract: Bacteriological assessment of public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. Total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens counts were carried out ...
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Utilization of Mash Treatment Unit for Sterilization and Clarification of Final Molasses in Ethanol Plant
Kamal Suleiman Hassan Fadl,
Omer El Sheikh Attiat Alla Abbashar,
Abubakr Musa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
49-57
Received:
15 July 2018
Accepted:
11 October 2018
Published:
9 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpp.20180202.12
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Abstract: The study aimed to determine the effect of sterilization treatment of molasses in ethanol industry in terms of increased production, reduced operating costs and maintenance, through introducing of a specialized unit to enhance the purification and sterilization of molasses, as well as, taking the advantage of high vinasses temperature (a by-product in the ethanol industry) as a source of heat instead of steam, and lowered temperatures of beer as a source for partial cooling. This study depended on scientific experimentation in lab conditions to measure the value of (brix, pH and temperature) as the main primary data collection. The verification of the results was done through the work of two models for the production of ethanol using treated molasses as first model and non treated molasses as second model. Thereafter, the percentage of ethanol production was determined as well as the number of yeasts in both models. Moreover, the difference between the two models was spotted as well. In addition to that, the two models which have been implemented by controlling the values of brix, pH, and temperature and fermentation period in order to determine the optimum and best values that would give higher and better productivity of ethanol and a greater number of yeast. Results showed that the optimum values were found at 21 brix, pH 5, at 30°C temperature, which gave the highest ethanol production, which was 8.1%, 6.7% and 6.4% respectively, when using molasses without treatment and 8.98%, 7.7%, and 7.3% respectively when using treated molasses with a period of fermentation 48 hours in all cases. Also on the other hand and regarding the yeast growth the results showed that the optimum values were found at 18-19 brix, pH 5, at 30°C temperature, which gave the highest growth of yeast cell count, where it was 13.86×107, 9.96×107 and 9.16×107 respectively, when using molasses without treatment and 14.91×107, 10.09×107 and 9.21×107 when using treated molasses with a period of fermentation 24 hours in all cases. It is recommended to establish a specific treatment unit for the molasses so as to achieve greater productivity of ethanol and to adjust the brix value at 21%, temperature at 30°C, pH at 5 and the period of fermentation should be 48 hours.
Abstract: The study aimed to determine the effect of sterilization treatment of molasses in ethanol industry in terms of increased production, reduced operating costs and maintenance, through introducing of a specialized unit to enhance the purification and sterilization of molasses, as well as, taking the advantage of high vinasses temperature (a by-product...
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