Behaviors such as sedentariness, poor nutritional choices and inadequate sleeping put youth at risk of illnesses. Although health and physical education programs are structured to promote the development of various health and physical skills, they are constantly faced with challenges to their continual existence. As such, issues related to body composition ensue and manifest differently across gender and race/ethnicity. This study aimed at examining the relationships between multiple youth risk behaviors and body composition. In addition, gender and racial/ethnic differences between white and black high school students were examined. Bivariate and multivariate examinations of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles, was followed by a comparison of two data sets of the 2013 YRBS (n= 13, 363) and 2015 YRBS (n= 15, 624). The results revealed an existence of gender differences in relationships between physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep duration and BMI percentiles with significant associations in male high school students but not their female counterparts in both data sets. There were no racial differences in the strength of these relationships between Black or African American and White or Caucasian high school students. These findings corroborate the need for gender based interventions and further analyses based on non-subjective measures of those health-risk behaviors, in order to fully understand the relationships. In addition, family, school and community based interventions to the physical inactivity, poor nutrition and poor sleep habits are warranted, and should encircle strategies from various stakeholders.
| Published in | International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 3, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11 |
| Page(s) | 32-39 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Physical Activity, Dietary Behavior, Sleep, Body Mass Index’ Race/Ethnicity
| [1] | Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE America). (2016). Shape of the Nation Report, 2016. Retrieved from www.shapeamerica.org/shapeofthenation. |
| [2] | Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., & … Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. Journal of Pediatrics, 146(6), 732-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055. |
| [3] | Eime, R. M., Charity, M. J., Harvey, J. T., & Payne, W. R. (2015). Participation in sport and physical activity: Associations with socio-economic status and geographical remoteness. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 434. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1796-0. |
| [4] | Seixas, A. A., Henclewood, D. A., Langford, A. T., McFarlane, S. I., Zizi, F., & Jean-Louis, G. (2017). Differential and combined effects of physical activity profiles and prohealth behaviors on diabetes prevalence among blacks and whites in the US Population: A novel bayesian belief network machine learning analysis. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5906034. |
| [5] | Richards, J., Oyeyemi, A., & Bauman, A. (2017). Physical activity among diverse populations internationally. In Bopp, M. (ed.), Physical Activity in Diverse Populations: Evidence and Practice, 244–272. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315561264. |
| [6] | Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N. B., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31(5), 619-626. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619 |
| [7] | Cauter, E. V., & Knutson, K. L. (2008). Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. European Journal of Endocrinology, 159(S1), S59-S66. |
| [8] | Lowry, R., Eaton, D. K., Foti, K., McKnight-Eily, K. L., Perry, G., & Galuska, D. A. (2012). Association of sleep duration with obesity among US high school students. Journal of Obesity, 2012476914. doi.org/10.1155/2012/476914. |
| [9] | Yeh, C. Y., Chen, I. J., Ku, P. W., & Chen, C. M. (2015). Modelling the vicious circle between obesity and physical activity in children and adolescents using a bivariate probit model with endogenous regressors. Journal of biosocial science, 47(10, 64-74. doi:10.1017/S0021932013000722. |
| [10] | Carlson, J. A., Crespo, N. C., Sallis, J. F., Patterson, R. E., & Elder, J. P. (2002). Dietary-related and physical activity-related predictors of obesity in children: a 2-year prospective study. Childhood obesity, 8, 110-5. doi:10.1089/chi.2011.0071. |
| [11] | Moreira, P., Santos, S., Padrão, P., Cordeiro, T., Bessa, M., Valente, H., & … Moreira, A. (2010). Food patterns according to sociodemographics, physical activity, sleeping and obesity in Portuguese children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(3), 1121-38. doi:10.3390/ijerph7031121. |
| [12] | Lounsbery, M. F., Holt, K. A., Monnat, S. A., McKenzie, T. L., & Funk, B. (2014). JROTC as a substitute for PE: Really? Research Quarterly For Exercise & Sport, 85(3), 414-419. |
| [13] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States, 2013. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6304.pdf. |
| [14] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Handbook for conducting Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Retrieved from https://samplebox.westat.com/yrbs_shp/media/pdf/Sample_Box_YBRS.pdf. |
| [15] | Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L.; & … Ware, J. C.. National Sleep Foundationʼs updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report. Sleep Health, 1(4), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004. |
| [16] | Levin, S., Lowry, R., Brown, D. R., & Dietz, W. H. (2003). Physical activity and body mass index among US adolescents: youth risk behavior survey, 1999. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157(8), 816-820. doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.8.816. |
| [17] | Biddle, S. J. H., Whitehead, S. H. , O’Donovan, T. M., & Nevill, M. E. (2005). Correlates of participation in physical activity for adolescent girls: a systematic review of recent literature. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2(4), 423–434. |
| [18] | Knight, J. A. (2012). Physical inactivity: associated diseases and disorders. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, 42(3), 320–337. |
| [19] | Wong, G., Kong, A., & Chan, J. (2009). The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Journal of Diabetes, 1, A21–A22. |
| [20] | Patrick, K., Norman, G. J., Calfas, K. J., Sallis, J. F., Zabinski, M. F., Rupp, J., & Cella, J. (2004). Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 158(4), 385-390. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.4.385. |
| [21] | Newby, P. K. (2009). Plant foods and plant-based diets: Protective against childhood obesity? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(5), 1572S-1587S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736G. |
| [22] | Makubuya, T. (2017). Sleep duration and BMI percentile in adolescents: An analysis of the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. MO J Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 27, 43-50. |
| [23] | Snell, E. K., Adam, E. K., & Duncan, G. J. (2007). Sleep and the body mass index and overweight status of children and adolescents. Child Development, 78(1), 309-323. |
| [24] | Reither, E. N., Krueger, P. M., Hale, L., Reiter, E. M., & Peppard, P. E. (2014). Ethnic variation in the association between sleep and body mass among US adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 38(7), 944-949. |
| [25] | Chomitz, V. R., McGowan, R. J., Wendel, J. M., Williams, S. A., Cabral, H. J., King, S. E., & … Hacker, K. A. (2010). Healthy living Cambridge kids: A community-based participatory effort to promote healthy weight and fitness. Obesity, 18(Supp 1), S45–S53. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.431. |
| [26] | Economos, C. D., Hyatt, R. R., Goldberg, J. P., Must, A., Naumova, E. N., Collins, J. J., & Nelson, M. E. (2007). A community intervention reduces BMI z-score in children: Shape Up Somerville first year results. Obesity, 15(5), 1325–1336. |
| [27] | Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Conway, T. L., Elder, J. P, Prochaska, J. J., Brown, M., & … Alcaraz, J. E. (2003). Environmental interventions for eating and physical activity: A randomized controlled trial in middle schools. Am J Prev Med., 24(3), 209–217. |
| [28] | Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Dewar, D., Collins, C. E., Plotnikoff, R. C., Okely, A. D., & … Callister, R. (2010). The Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT girls) randomized controlled trial for adolescent girls from disadvantaged secondary schools: Rationale, study protocol, and baseline results. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 652. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-652. |
| [29] | Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L., & O'Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300(3), 295–305. doi:10.1001/jama.300.3.295. |
| [30] | De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Van Cauwenberghe, E., Spittaels, H., Oppert, J. M., Rostami, C., Brug, J., & … Maes, L. (2011). School-based interventions promoting both physical activity and healthy eating in Europe: A systematic review within the HOPE project. Obes Rev, 12(3), 205–216. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00711.x |
| [31] | Khambalia, A. Z., Dickinson, S., Hardy, L. L., Gill, T., & Baur, L. A. (2012). A synthesis of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of school-based behavioral interventions for controlling and preventing obesity. Obes Rev, 13(3), 214–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00947.x |
| [32] | Safron, M., Cislak, A., Gaspar, T., & Luszczynska, A. (2011). Effects of school-based interventions targeting obesity-related behaviors and body weight change: A systematic umbrella review. Behav Med, 37(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2010.543194 |
| [33] | Ash, T., Agaronov, A., Young, T., Aftosmes-Tobio, A., & Davison, K. K. (2017). Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0571-2 |
| [34] | Driskell, M. M., Dyment, S., Mauriello, L., Castle, P., & Sherman, K. (2008). Relationships among multiple behaviors for childhood and adolescent obesity prevention. Prev Med., 46(3), 209–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.028 |
APA Style
Timothy Makubuya. (2018). Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 3(3), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11
ACS Style
Timothy Makubuya. Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2018, 3(3), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11
AMA Style
Timothy Makubuya. Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2018;3(3):32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11,
author = {Timothy Makubuya},
title = {Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {32-39},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20180303.11},
abstract = {Behaviors such as sedentariness, poor nutritional choices and inadequate sleeping put youth at risk of illnesses. Although health and physical education programs are structured to promote the development of various health and physical skills, they are constantly faced with challenges to their continual existence. As such, issues related to body composition ensue and manifest differently across gender and race/ethnicity. This study aimed at examining the relationships between multiple youth risk behaviors and body composition. In addition, gender and racial/ethnic differences between white and black high school students were examined. Bivariate and multivariate examinations of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles, was followed by a comparison of two data sets of the 2013 YRBS (n= 13, 363) and 2015 YRBS (n= 15, 624). The results revealed an existence of gender differences in relationships between physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep duration and BMI percentiles with significant associations in male high school students but not their female counterparts in both data sets. There were no racial differences in the strength of these relationships between Black or African American and White or Caucasian high school students. These findings corroborate the need for gender based interventions and further analyses based on non-subjective measures of those health-risk behaviors, in order to fully understand the relationships. In addition, family, school and community based interventions to the physical inactivity, poor nutrition and poor sleep habits are warranted, and should encircle strategies from various stakeholders.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study AU - Timothy Makubuya Y1 - 2018/11/01 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11 T2 - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education JF - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education JO - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education SP - 32 EP - 39 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1611 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.11 AB - Behaviors such as sedentariness, poor nutritional choices and inadequate sleeping put youth at risk of illnesses. Although health and physical education programs are structured to promote the development of various health and physical skills, they are constantly faced with challenges to their continual existence. As such, issues related to body composition ensue and manifest differently across gender and race/ethnicity. This study aimed at examining the relationships between multiple youth risk behaviors and body composition. In addition, gender and racial/ethnic differences between white and black high school students were examined. Bivariate and multivariate examinations of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles, was followed by a comparison of two data sets of the 2013 YRBS (n= 13, 363) and 2015 YRBS (n= 15, 624). The results revealed an existence of gender differences in relationships between physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep duration and BMI percentiles with significant associations in male high school students but not their female counterparts in both data sets. There were no racial differences in the strength of these relationships between Black or African American and White or Caucasian high school students. These findings corroborate the need for gender based interventions and further analyses based on non-subjective measures of those health-risk behaviors, in order to fully understand the relationships. In addition, family, school and community based interventions to the physical inactivity, poor nutrition and poor sleep habits are warranted, and should encircle strategies from various stakeholders. VL - 3 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: