An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students

Hsin-Yi Liu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students

Hsin-Yi Liu

Published in International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 22 August 2018 Accepted: 31 October 2018 Published: 28 November 2018

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of all races in the United States. African-Americans are more likely to die from CVD than whites. One hundred and forty-six African-Americans college students were recruited from a historical black college (HBCU) in North Carolina. A fitness course (PEDU 1541) was required for all students at North Carolina Central University (NCCU). An eight-week program was designed by several certified fitness instructors who teach this course at NCCU. This study was to exam the effectiveness of an 8-week exercise program in reducing CVD risk factors, including cardiovascular fitness, waist circumferences, and body fat percentage (BF%). Students’ BMI, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and trunk flexibility were assessed before and after completion of this 8-week supervised program. All the pre- and post-measurements of the 146 students were compared with a paired-t test to see if there were any significant changes. After 8 weeks of participation in this program, all measurements except their body fat composition improved (p< 0.05). Students’ diet or calorie intake was not controlled during the program in this study. Therefore, no significant change was found in their answers to the modified questionnaire of health behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, vegetable consumptions before and after they completed this 8-week fitness course. Therefore, increase physical activity level alone may not be sufficient to reduce all risks of CVD in African-American population.

Published in	International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12
Page(s)	40-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fitness, Aerobic, Body Composition, Muscle Endurance, African-Americans

References

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APA Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. (2018). An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 3(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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ACS Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2018, 3(3), 40-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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AMA Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2018;3(3):40-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12,
  author = {Hsin-Yi Liu},
  title = {An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students},
  journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  abstract = {Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of all races in the United States. African-Americans are more likely to die from CVD than whites. One hundred and forty-six African-Americans college students were recruited from a historical black college (HBCU) in North Carolina. A fitness course (PEDU 1541) was required for all students at North Carolina Central University (NCCU). An eight-week program was designed by several certified fitness instructors who teach this course at NCCU. This study was to exam the effectiveness of an 8-week exercise program in reducing CVD risk factors, including cardiovascular fitness, waist circumferences, and body fat percentage (BF%). Students’ BMI, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and trunk flexibility were assessed before and after completion of this 8-week supervised program. All the pre- and post-measurements of the 146 students were compared with a paired-t test to see if there were any significant changes. After 8 weeks of participation in this program, all measurements except their body fat composition improved (p< 0.05). Students’ diet or calorie intake was not controlled during the program in this study. Therefore, no significant change was found in their answers to the modified questionnaire of health behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, vegetable consumptions before and after they completed this 8-week fitness course. Therefore, increase physical activity level alone may not be sufficient to reduce all risks of CVD in African-American population.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students
AU - Hsin-Yi Liu
Y1 - 2018/11/28
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12
T2 - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
JF - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
JO - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
SP - 40
EP - 48
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-1611
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12
AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of all races in the United States. African-Americans are more likely to die from CVD than whites. One hundred and forty-six African-Americans college students were recruited from a historical black college (HBCU) in North Carolina. A fitness course (PEDU 1541) was required for all students at North Carolina Central University (NCCU). An eight-week program was designed by several certified fitness instructors who teach this course at NCCU. This study was to exam the effectiveness of an 8-week exercise program in reducing CVD risk factors, including cardiovascular fitness, waist circumferences, and body fat percentage (BF%). Students’ BMI, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and trunk flexibility were assessed before and after completion of this 8-week supervised program. All the pre- and post-measurements of the 146 students were compared with a paired-t test to see if there were any significant changes. After 8 weeks of participation in this program, all measurements except their body fat composition improved (p< 0.05). Students’ diet or calorie intake was not controlled during the program in this study. Therefore, no significant change was found in their answers to the modified questionnaire of health behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, vegetable consumptions before and after they completed this 8-week fitness course. Therefore, increase physical activity level alone may not be sufficient to reduce all risks of CVD in African-American population.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Hsin-Yi Liu

Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. (2018). An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 3(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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ACS Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2018, 3(3), 40-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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AMA Style

Hsin-Yi Liu. An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2018;3(3):40-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12,
  author = {Hsin-Yi Liu},
  title = {An Eight-Week Supervised Fitness Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among African-American College Students},
  journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20180303.12},
  abstract = {Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of all races in the United States. African-Americans are more likely to die from CVD than whites. One hundred and forty-six African-Americans college students were recruited from a historical black college (HBCU) in North Carolina. A fitness course (PEDU 1541) was required for all students at North Carolina Central University (NCCU). An eight-week program was designed by several certified fitness instructors who teach this course at NCCU. This study was to exam the effectiveness of an 8-week exercise program in reducing CVD risk factors, including cardiovascular fitness, waist circumferences, and body fat percentage (BF%). Students’ BMI, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and trunk flexibility were assessed before and after completion of this 8-week supervised program. All the pre- and post-measurements of the 146 students were compared with a paired-t test to see if there were any significant changes. After 8 weeks of participation in this program, all measurements except their body fat composition improved (p< 0.05). Students’ diet or calorie intake was not controlled during the program in this study. Therefore, no significant change was found in their answers to the modified questionnaire of health behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, vegetable consumptions before and after they completed this 8-week fitness course. Therefore, increase physical activity level alone may not be sufficient to reduce all risks of CVD in African-American population.},
 year = {2018}
}

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