The Kathmandu valley was formed by draining the lake through Bagmati River of the Chobar gorge in the ancient time. The bedrock inside the surface of Kathmandu valley consists of clay sediment i.e Kalimati (It means the black soil in Nepali) clay which is also called the dense impenetrable black mud. This type of soil is very fertile. The people of the valley utilized the geographic structure and the natural resources with skill to enhance civilization, which is shown from the traditional water supply or the hiti (Dhunge Dhara in Nepali) system. It is also called the water spout or rainspout. This study was conducted during the period from January to June 2020. Published literature such as paper, manuals, reports, and database were collected from different sources and went on thoroughly. The study found that the population of Kathmandu and Lalitpur is increasing rapidly but the source of drinking water is decreasing gradually. In the past, Dhunge Dhara was feeding the communities for drinking water as there are all together 237 Dhunge Dhara in Kathmandu and Lalitpur area. In the Kathmandu Valley, the source of water spouts decline is due to the development of various engineering infrastructures such as roads, buildings, towers, and so on. Similarly, rapid growth of urbanization took place near the source of water spouts. As a result, there could not be the chance of ground water recharge. The water from the rainfall flows directly through the waste pipe to the river. In the past, there were irrigation canals called Rajkulo (Canal made by the King in the Kathmandu Valley), these canals effectively recharged the ground water. As the valley is converted into the city of concrete, it causes stoppage of ground water recharge near the hiti. Consequently, there is no water in the water spouts i.e. in Dhunge Dhara. The study would like to suggest that the traditional Dhunge Dhara in the valley must be preserved through the initiation of the local, provincial and central government.
| Published in | Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12 |
| Page(s) | 72-83 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Dhunge Dhara, Rajkulo, Ground Water Recharge, Water Law and Policies
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APA Style
Rajesh Shrestha, Khet Raj Dahal. (2020). Disaster Resilient Construction of Water Spouts in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 5(4), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12
ACS Style
Rajesh Shrestha; Khet Raj Dahal. Disaster Resilient Construction of Water Spouts in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2020, 5(4), 72-83. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12
AMA Style
Rajesh Shrestha, Khet Raj Dahal. Disaster Resilient Construction of Water Spouts in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2020;5(4):72-83. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12,
author = {Rajesh Shrestha and Khet Raj Dahal},
title = {Disaster Resilient Construction of Water Spouts in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal},
journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {72-83},
doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20200504.12},
abstract = {The Kathmandu valley was formed by draining the lake through Bagmati River of the Chobar gorge in the ancient time. The bedrock inside the surface of Kathmandu valley consists of clay sediment i.e Kalimati (It means the black soil in Nepali) clay which is also called the dense impenetrable black mud. This type of soil is very fertile. The people of the valley utilized the geographic structure and the natural resources with skill to enhance civilization, which is shown from the traditional water supply or the hiti (Dhunge Dhara in Nepali) system. It is also called the water spout or rainspout. This study was conducted during the period from January to June 2020. Published literature such as paper, manuals, reports, and database were collected from different sources and went on thoroughly. The study found that the population of Kathmandu and Lalitpur is increasing rapidly but the source of drinking water is decreasing gradually. In the past, Dhunge Dhara was feeding the communities for drinking water as there are all together 237 Dhunge Dhara in Kathmandu and Lalitpur area. In the Kathmandu Valley, the source of water spouts decline is due to the development of various engineering infrastructures such as roads, buildings, towers, and so on. Similarly, rapid growth of urbanization took place near the source of water spouts. As a result, there could not be the chance of ground water recharge. The water from the rainfall flows directly through the waste pipe to the river. In the past, there were irrigation canals called Rajkulo (Canal made by the King in the Kathmandu Valley), these canals effectively recharged the ground water. As the valley is converted into the city of concrete, it causes stoppage of ground water recharge near the hiti. Consequently, there is no water in the water spouts i.e. in Dhunge Dhara. The study would like to suggest that the traditional Dhunge Dhara in the valley must be preserved through the initiation of the local, provincial and central government.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Disaster Resilient Construction of Water Spouts in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal AU - Rajesh Shrestha AU - Khet Raj Dahal Y1 - 2020/08/18 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12 DO - 10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12 T2 - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering JF - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering JO - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering SP - 72 EP - 83 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-3890 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20200504.12 AB - The Kathmandu valley was formed by draining the lake through Bagmati River of the Chobar gorge in the ancient time. The bedrock inside the surface of Kathmandu valley consists of clay sediment i.e Kalimati (It means the black soil in Nepali) clay which is also called the dense impenetrable black mud. This type of soil is very fertile. The people of the valley utilized the geographic structure and the natural resources with skill to enhance civilization, which is shown from the traditional water supply or the hiti (Dhunge Dhara in Nepali) system. It is also called the water spout or rainspout. This study was conducted during the period from January to June 2020. Published literature such as paper, manuals, reports, and database were collected from different sources and went on thoroughly. The study found that the population of Kathmandu and Lalitpur is increasing rapidly but the source of drinking water is decreasing gradually. In the past, Dhunge Dhara was feeding the communities for drinking water as there are all together 237 Dhunge Dhara in Kathmandu and Lalitpur area. In the Kathmandu Valley, the source of water spouts decline is due to the development of various engineering infrastructures such as roads, buildings, towers, and so on. Similarly, rapid growth of urbanization took place near the source of water spouts. As a result, there could not be the chance of ground water recharge. The water from the rainfall flows directly through the waste pipe to the river. In the past, there were irrigation canals called Rajkulo (Canal made by the King in the Kathmandu Valley), these canals effectively recharged the ground water. As the valley is converted into the city of concrete, it causes stoppage of ground water recharge near the hiti. Consequently, there is no water in the water spouts i.e. in Dhunge Dhara. The study would like to suggest that the traditional Dhunge Dhara in the valley must be preserved through the initiation of the local, provincial and central government. VL - 5 IS - 4 ER -
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