Pavements are complex structures composed of multiple layers, designed to withstand various types of stress, including mechanical, organic, and climatic. The pavement is constantly subjected to cyclic, dynamic-mechanical actions caused by road traffic and different axle loads. Classified as engineering structures, the standard theoretical durability of this type of construction is generally estimated to be around one hundred years. However, this objective may not be achieved if the designer does not take into account certain specific factors that are endogenous and exogenous to the structure. Therefore, the durability of a road can be achieved through an optimized design that meets the needs defined by the public authorities and the context of its socio-economic framework. This passage discusses the factors that affect the performance of pavements, including soil type, machinery used, users, and climatic conditions. Exceeding axle loads, which form the basis of pavement design calculations, is also a disruptive factor from a civic perspective. A pavement consists of multiple layers, each made up of materials that must meet strict quality criteria and respect the anthropological, economic, social, and natural environment. It is important to consider all of these factors when constructing a pavement to ensure its longevity and avoid any negative impacts on the surrounding area. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain the pavement to prevent any loss of economic or infrastructural development opportunities. Several road infrastructures in urban and inter-urban areas experience issues that result from a combination of causes, each with varying degrees of impact. Douala is one such city where civil engineering projects are subject to an environment that is not conducive to the longevity of infrastructure, especially road infrastructure. The city is situated on a surface layer covered by a predominantly sandy-clay soil. This study aims to propose a proportional mixture of clay and sand soil fractions to create an anvil effect during compaction. The objective is to create a hybrid backfill material that can achieve a high compaction rate. Good compaction is crucial for achieving optimal pavement layer performance. The thickness of the material to be laid is greatly affected by this characteristic, which in turn affects the volume of equipment depreciation and user comfort. This has a significant impact on a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Based on soil mechanics and geotechnical tests, a new material is proposed to combat the early onset of disorders such as potholes, ruts, erosion, or pavement collapse in bad weather or heavy traffic.
| Published in | Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14 |
| Page(s) | 84-97 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Pavements, Applied Loads, Bearing Capacity, Hybrid Backfill Material, Geotechnics
| [1] | Bougueroua A., Ait Mokhtar K., Amélioration de la portance des sols supports de chaussées par des nappes géosynthétiques, mémoire de magister; faculté de génie civil. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumedienne; juillet 2012, pp. 56–78. |
| [2] | GTR. Réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme- fascicule II; Annexe technique, septembre 1992. pp. 26–37. |
| [3] | Westergaad H. M. Stresses in concrete pavements computed theoretical Analysis, volume 7. Public Roads, 1926, pp. 121–148. |
| [4] | Burmister D. M. The theory of the stress and displacements in layered systems and applications of design of airport runway- Proceeding of the Highway Research Board, 23. 1943, pp. 126–148. |
| [5] | J. J. Fruin. Designing for pedestrians. Public Transportation United States, 1992, pp. 16–34. |
| [6] | S. J. Older. Movement of pedestrians on footways in shopping streets. Traffic engineering& control, 1968, pp. 43–64. |
| [7] | Y. Ma, L. Li, H. Zhang, and T. Chen. Experimental study on small group behavior and crowd dynamics in a tall office building evacuation. Physica A; Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2017, pp. 123–156. |
| [8] | T. Rinne, K. Tillander, and P. Grönberg. Data collection and analysis of evacuation situations. VTT, 2010, pp. 23–32. |
| [9] | N. McConnell and K. Boyce. Individual and group response behaviours during evacuation of a public house. In Conference Proceedings of the 14th Fire Science and Engineering Conference Interflam 2016, volume 2, 2016, pp. 6–9. |
| [10] | H. J. Payne. Models of freeway traffic and control. Mathematical models of public systems, 1971, pp. 7–11. |
APA Style
Abanda, A., Thierry, O. E., Benjamin, B., Fokwa, D., Christophe, K. W. (2024). Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 9(3), 84-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14
ACS Style
Abanda, A.; Thierry, O. E.; Benjamin, B.; Fokwa, D.; Christophe, K. W. Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2024, 9(3), 84-97. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14
AMA Style
Abanda A, Thierry OE, Benjamin B, Fokwa D, Christophe KW. Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2024;9(3):84-97. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14,
author = {Andre Abanda and Odi Enyegue Thierry and Bahel Benjamin and Didier Fokwa and Kikmo Wilba Christophe},
title = {Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions
},
journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {84-97},
doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20240903.14},
abstract = {Pavements are complex structures composed of multiple layers, designed to withstand various types of stress, including mechanical, organic, and climatic. The pavement is constantly subjected to cyclic, dynamic-mechanical actions caused by road traffic and different axle loads. Classified as engineering structures, the standard theoretical durability of this type of construction is generally estimated to be around one hundred years. However, this objective may not be achieved if the designer does not take into account certain specific factors that are endogenous and exogenous to the structure. Therefore, the durability of a road can be achieved through an optimized design that meets the needs defined by the public authorities and the context of its socio-economic framework. This passage discusses the factors that affect the performance of pavements, including soil type, machinery used, users, and climatic conditions. Exceeding axle loads, which form the basis of pavement design calculations, is also a disruptive factor from a civic perspective. A pavement consists of multiple layers, each made up of materials that must meet strict quality criteria and respect the anthropological, economic, social, and natural environment. It is important to consider all of these factors when constructing a pavement to ensure its longevity and avoid any negative impacts on the surrounding area. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain the pavement to prevent any loss of economic or infrastructural development opportunities. Several road infrastructures in urban and inter-urban areas experience issues that result from a combination of causes, each with varying degrees of impact. Douala is one such city where civil engineering projects are subject to an environment that is not conducive to the longevity of infrastructure, especially road infrastructure. The city is situated on a surface layer covered by a predominantly sandy-clay soil. This study aims to propose a proportional mixture of clay and sand soil fractions to create an anvil effect during compaction. The objective is to create a hybrid backfill material that can achieve a high compaction rate. Good compaction is crucial for achieving optimal pavement layer performance. The thickness of the material to be laid is greatly affected by this characteristic, which in turn affects the volume of equipment depreciation and user comfort. This has a significant impact on a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Based on soil mechanics and geotechnical tests, a new material is proposed to combat the early onset of disorders such as potholes, ruts, erosion, or pavement collapse in bad weather or heavy traffic.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions AU - Andre Abanda AU - Odi Enyegue Thierry AU - Bahel Benjamin AU - Didier Fokwa AU - Kikmo Wilba Christophe Y1 - 2024/06/21 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14 DO - 10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14 T2 - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering JF - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering JO - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering SP - 84 EP - 97 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-3890 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240903.14 AB - Pavements are complex structures composed of multiple layers, designed to withstand various types of stress, including mechanical, organic, and climatic. The pavement is constantly subjected to cyclic, dynamic-mechanical actions caused by road traffic and different axle loads. Classified as engineering structures, the standard theoretical durability of this type of construction is generally estimated to be around one hundred years. However, this objective may not be achieved if the designer does not take into account certain specific factors that are endogenous and exogenous to the structure. Therefore, the durability of a road can be achieved through an optimized design that meets the needs defined by the public authorities and the context of its socio-economic framework. This passage discusses the factors that affect the performance of pavements, including soil type, machinery used, users, and climatic conditions. Exceeding axle loads, which form the basis of pavement design calculations, is also a disruptive factor from a civic perspective. A pavement consists of multiple layers, each made up of materials that must meet strict quality criteria and respect the anthropological, economic, social, and natural environment. It is important to consider all of these factors when constructing a pavement to ensure its longevity and avoid any negative impacts on the surrounding area. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain the pavement to prevent any loss of economic or infrastructural development opportunities. Several road infrastructures in urban and inter-urban areas experience issues that result from a combination of causes, each with varying degrees of impact. Douala is one such city where civil engineering projects are subject to an environment that is not conducive to the longevity of infrastructure, especially road infrastructure. The city is situated on a surface layer covered by a predominantly sandy-clay soil. This study aims to propose a proportional mixture of clay and sand soil fractions to create an anvil effect during compaction. The objective is to create a hybrid backfill material that can achieve a high compaction rate. Good compaction is crucial for achieving optimal pavement layer performance. The thickness of the material to be laid is greatly affected by this characteristic, which in turn affects the volume of equipment depreciation and user comfort. This has a significant impact on a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Based on soil mechanics and geotechnical tests, a new material is proposed to combat the early onset of disorders such as potholes, ruts, erosion, or pavement collapse in bad weather or heavy traffic. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Higher Technical Teacher’s Training College, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Higher Technical Teacher’s Training College, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Information